Cytokines

Question 1

Function of Interleukin-1

Answer 1

Secreted by macrophages. fever (acts on hypothalamus), acute inflammation, activated endothelium to express adhesion molecules (leukocyte recruitment by increasing selectin), Induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs

Question 2

Function of Interleukin-6

Answer 2

Secreted by macrophages. Fever, and stimulates production of acute phase proteins

Question 3

Function of Interleukin-8

Answer 3

Secreted by macrophages. Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils

Question 4

Function of Interleukin-12

Answer 4

Secreted by macrophages.induced differentiation of T cells in Th1 cells. Activated NK cells..

Question 5

Function of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Answer 5

Secreted by macrophages. Activates endothelium, Causes WBC recruitment, vascular leak –>shock. Causes cachexia (inhibits LPL in fat tissue). Maintains granulomas in TB

Question 6

Function of Interleukin-2

Answer 6

Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells, and NK cells. Also activates B cells. Secreted by all T cells

Question 7

Function of Interleukin-3

Answer 7

Secreted by all T cells. Supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF

Question 8

Function of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)

Answer 8

Secreted by NK cells and T cells in response to antigen or IL-12 from macrophages; stimulated macrophages to kill phagocytosed pathogens. Inhibits differentiation of Th2 cells

Question 9

Function of Interleukin-4

Answer 9

Produced by Th2 cells. Induces differentiation of T cells into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG

Question 10

Function of Interleukin-5

Answer 10

Produced by Th2. Promotes growth and differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils

Question 11

Function of Interleukin-10

Answer 11

Secreted by Th2 cells and Treg cells. Attenuates inflammatory response. Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines. Inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells.

Question 12

Function of TGF-beta

Answer 12

attenuates immune response, also anti scar formation

Question 13

Function of Interferon alpha and beta (IFN-alpha IFN-beta)

Answer 13

interferes with viral replication by inactivating translation activator elf-2 thereby terminating mRNA translation and promoting apoptosis and autophagy.