Cytokines Flashcards
IL-1
promotes fever and vasodilation
stimulates T cell differentiation
works with TNF-alpha to promote the selections to help diapedesis
IL-2
T cells: proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory cells; promotes regulatory T cell development, survival and function (stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T cells and NK cells)
NK cells: proliferation and activation
Cytokine receptor: CD25, CD122, CD132
Principal Cell Source: T cells
IL-3
immature hematopoietic progenitors: induced maturation of all hematopoietic lineages (supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells; functions like GM-CSF)
Cytokine Receptors: CD123, CD131
Principal cell source: T cells
IL-4
B cells: isotype switching to IgE
T cells: TH2 differentiation
Macrophages: alternative activation and inhibition of IFN-gamma mediated classical activation
Cytokine Receptors: CD124, CD132
Principal cell source: CD4+ T cells (TH2) and mast cells
IL-5
eosinophils: activation and increased generation
B cells: IgA production
Cytokine Receptor: CD125, CD132
Principal cell source: CD4+ T cells (TH2)
IL-6
liver: synthesis of acute-phase proteins
B cells: proliferation of antibody-producing cells
cytokine receptor: CD126, CD130
principal cell source: macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
IL-7
immature lymphoid progenitors: proliferation of early T and B cell progenitors
T lymphocytes: survival of naive and memory cells
cytokine receptor: CD127, CD132
principal cell source: fibroblasts, bone marrow stromal cells
IL-10
inhibits inflammation: downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages
can also block NF-kB activity
IL-12
CD4+: TH1 differentiation
when macrophages secrete IL-12, can activate NK cells which then secrete IFN-gamma to tell the macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbe
NK cells and CD8+: IFN-gamma synthesis, increased cytotoxic activity (ie activates NK cells)
cytokine receptor: CD212, IL-12R-beta-2
principal cell source: macrophages and DCs
IL-13
B cells: isotype switching to IgE
Epithelial cells: increased mucus production
Fibroblasts: increased collagen synthesis
Macrophages: alternative activation
cytokine receptors: CD213, CD132
Principal Cell source: CD4+ T cells (TH2), NKT cells, mast cells
IL-17
released by Th17 cells
endothelial cells: increased chemokine production which then recruits neutrophils
macrophages: increased chemokine and cytokine production which then recruits neutrophils
epithelial cells: increased defensin GM-CSF and G-CSF production
cytokine receptor: CD217
principal cell source: Th17 cells, other cells
G-CSF
stimulates the maturation of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
cytokine receptor: CD114
principal cell source: macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells
stimulate Th1 cells
IFN-alpha
All cells: antiviral state, increased class I MHC expression
NK cells: activation
principal cell source: macrophages
involved in innate immune response against viral infection
stimulate Th1 cells
IFN-beta
All cells: antiviral state, increased class I MHC expression
NK cells: activation
principal cell source: fibroblasts
involved in innate immune response against viral infection
IFN-gamma
Macrophages: classical activation
B cells: isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing IgG subclasses
T cells: TH1 differentiation
Various cells: increased expression of class I and II MHC molecules, increased antigen processing and presentation to T cells
cytokine receptor: CD119, IFNGR2
Principal cell source: T cells (TH1 and CD8+) and NK cells
