Cytokines Flashcards
Pro-inflammatory
TNF, IL-1, IL -6, IL-12
Stimulate NK Growth
IL-12, Type 1 IFN (alpha/beta)
Which cytokine do NOD-like receptors stimulate?
active IL-1
once NFkB is activated
What are the anti-viral cytokines?
BONUS: How are they activated?
Type I interferons (alpha/beta)
Mech: PAMP binding to TLR –> IRF TFs triggered to act
IL-1
pro-inflammatory
source: macrophages/monocytes in response to bacteria
IL-2
secreted by all T cells;
stimulates NK cells, CTLs, Th1 (helper T) cells and Tregs; Tcell growth factor (TCGF)
*transcription of IL-2 is inhibited by calcuneurin
IL-3
secreted by all T cells;
stimulates bone marrow stem cells
IL-4
secreted by Th2 cells;
induces differentiation into Th2 cells; promotes growth of B cells; stimulates IgE production (class switch) - and IgG (?)
IL-5
stimulates IgA production (class switch) by B cels to defend against BACTERIAL infection;
Eosinophil activation
IL-6
pro-inflammatory; (aKute inflammation);
works with TGF-beta to stimulate helper T differentiation –> Th17
IL-8
chemokine: chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, expressed by macrophages to act on neutrophils (neutrophil chemotactic factor
IL-10
inhibits immune response AND___
IL-12
Secreted by activated Macrophages, activates NK cells, proinflammatory
IL-13
secreted by TH2 cytokines: simulates production of mucus in gut
IL-17
secreted by Th17;
recruits massive #s of neutrophils to help defend against pathogens;
influence B cells to make Ab classes that can opsonize fungi/bacteria and activate complement
-role in organ specific auto-immunity
IL-21
secreted by Th17;
Th17 growth factor (self stimulate); protection agains fungi, or EC bacteria
INF-alpha
defense against viruses; inflammation
INF-beta
activates NK cells (with INF-alpha)
INF-gamma
marophages stimulation
TNF
helps activate marcophages and NK cells
What are the Th1 cytokines (general role, list)?
defend against viral/bacterial attack;
IL-2, TNF, INF-gamma;
released by DCs;
Path: autoimmune role; chronic infection tissue damage
What are the Th2 cytokines (general role, list)?
defend against parasites or pathogenic bacteria invading the gut
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Path: role in allergic diseases
What are the Th17 cytokines (general role, list)?
defend against fungi/EC bacteria
IL-17 and IL-21;
Influenced by TGF beta and IL-6 (which are released by DCs)
Path: organ specific autoimmunity
TGF-alpha
secreted by marophages; inflammatory
TGF-beta
down regulation of immune response
GM-CSF
GF for neutrophils after BM transplant
EPC (erythropoetin)
tx for anemia
