Cytokines Flashcards
Redundancy is explained in part by the common use of cytokine receptor signaling subunits by groups of cytokines. True or false?
true
In regards to cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction, receptor-ligand binding causes receptor polypeptides to ____ or polymerize at the target cell surface
dimerize
In regards to cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction, the juxtaposed cytoplasmic tails of the receptor polypeptides activate ___ ____ kinases
JAK tyrosine
In regards to cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction, the JAK kinases phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domains of the receptor and the _____ transcription factors in the cytoplasm
STAT
In regards to cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction, once phosphorylated, STATs dimerize and then translocate to the ___, where they bind to enhancer regions of certain genes. The genes are then transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins
nucleus
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-1
source: monocytes, macrophages
function: fever, acute phase response; induces IL-2R expression and IL-2 synthesis in T cells; enhances adhesion molecule expression on leukocytes and endothelial cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-2
source: TH1 cells
function: activates T cells and NK cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-3
source: Thelper cells
function: stimulates hematopoiesis
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-4
source: TH2 cells, mast cells, basophils
function: promotes TH2 development; inhibits TH1 development; promotes IgE and IgG4 synthesis by B cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-5
source: TH2 cells
function: Eosinophil development; class switching to IgA in B cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-6
source: TH2 cells, B cells, macrophages, endothelial cells
function: stimulates acute phase protein and antibody synthesis; low-level pyrogen, stimulates differentiation of B cells to plasma cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-7
source: bone marrow and thymic stromal cells
function: growth factor for pre-T and pre-B cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-8
source: macrophages
function: chemokine that attracts neutrophils and naive T cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-10
source: Treg cells
function: inhibits TH1 and macrophages; protects against autoimmunity
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-12
source: activated macrophages, DCs, B cells
function: activates TH1, NK, and Tc cells
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-13
source: TH2 cells
function: B cell growth factor; class switch to IgE
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IL-17 family
source: TH17 cells
function: pro-inflammatory, promotes neutrophil migration and differentiation; autoimmunity reactions
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IFN alpha and beta
source: many cell types
function: induced by viral infection and darn; anti-viral; induces class I MHC expression
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
IFN gamma
source: TH1 cells
function: selects TH1 subset; inhibits TH2 subset; activates macrophages, NK and Tc cells; promotes class II mHC expression
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
TNF alpha
source: macrophages
function: inflammation; enhances adhesion molecule expression; enhances phagocytosis and respiratory burst in macrophages; induces fever, acute phase protein release, septic shock, cachexia (weight loss)
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
TNF beta
source: TH1 cells
function: kills infected cells, tumors
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
TGF beta
source: Treg cells
function: stimulates IgA production; inhibits cell-mediated immunity; anti-inflammatory; promotes fibroblast growth and wound healing
For the following cytokine, give the source and function:
GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF
source: T cells, monocytes
function: promotes growth of granulocytes and/or monocytes, as indicated by name
