Cytokines

Question 0

IL-1

Answer 0

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Macrophages, Endothelial Cells
Target: Endothelia, Hypothalamus, Liver
Function: Inflammation, Fever, Acute phase protein synthesis

Question 1

TNF alpha

Answer 1

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Macrophages, T cells
Target: Endothelia, Epithelia, Neutrophils, Hypothalamus, Liver, Muscle
Function: Inflammation, Oxidative Burst, Fever, Acute phase protein synthesis, cachexia (wasting)

Question 2

IL-6

Answer 2

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Macrophages, Endothelial Cells, T cells
Target: Liver, B cells
Function: Acute phase protein synthesis, Proliferation of antibody producing B cells

Question 3

IL-12

Answer 3

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Dendritic cells, Macrophages
Target: NK cells, T cells
Function: Increase IFN gamma secretion, increase cytotoxic activity, Th1 differentiation

Question 4

IL-23

Answer 4

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Dendritic cells, Macrophages
Target: T cells
Function: Promote Th17 differentiation

Question 5

lL-8 (& other chemokines)

Answer 5

Class: Proinflammatory
Source: Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Endothelia, T cells
Target: lymphocytes
Function: PMN chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, dendritic cell lymph node migration

Question 6

IFN alpha / IFN beta

Answer 6

Class: Antiviral
Source: Dendritic cells (alpha) & Fibroblasts (beta)
Target: All cells
Function: Antiviral immunity, increase MHC I expression, activate NK cells

Question 7

IFN gamma

Answer 7

Class: Helper
Source: Th1 cells
Target: Macrophages, B cells
Function: Macrophage activation, B cell isotype switching to IgG

Question 8

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Answer 8

Class: Helper
Source: Th2 cells
Target: B cells
Function: B cell isotype switching to IgE

Question 9

IL-17

Answer 9

Class: Helper
Source: Th17 cells
Target: PMNs, epithelia
Function: Activate / Mitogen for PMNs, increase AMPs

Question 10

TGF beta

Answer 10

Class: Immunoregulatory
Source: Epithelia, NK cells, Tregs, fibroblasts, Endothelia, others
Target: T cells, B cells
Function: Supress Th1 & Th2 development, promote Th17 differentiation, increase B cell IgA isotype switching

Question 11

IL-10

Answer 11

Class: Immunoregulatory
Source: Macrophages, dendritic cells, Th2 cells
Target: Macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells
Function: Inhibit IL-12 production, reduce MHC II and costimulatory molecule expression

Question 12

IL-2

Answer 12

Class: Hematopoetic / Proliferative
Source: Activated T cells
Target: Autocrine activated T cells
Function: Mitogen for activated (mature) naïve T cells

Question 13

IL-7

Answer 13

Class: Hematopoetic / Proliferative
Source: Bone Marrow, Stromal cells
Target: Immature T and B lymphocytes
Function: Mitogen for developing immature lymphocytes

Question 14

IL-15, IL-18

Answer 14

Class: Hematopoetic / Proliferative
Source: Macrophages
Target: NK cells
Function: Mitogen for NK cells, IFN gamma production

Question 15

G-CSF, GM-CSF

Answer 15

Class: Hematopoetic / Proliferative
Source: Macrophages, T cells
Target: Immature myeloid cells
Function: Mitogen for myeloid progenitor cells, immune suppression