Cytokines Flashcards
IL-1
Released by: activated monocytes and MPs
Inflammatory; activates monocytes and lymphocytes; activates acute phase protein production by acting on liver; activates fever by acting on hypothalamus
IL-2
Released by: T cells
Primary cytokine responsible for driving activated T cell proliferation
IL-4
Released by: TH2 cells
Activates B cells; induces isotope switching to IgE and IgG1; guides CD4 T cell differentiation toward TH2 cells; suppresses TH1 formation
IL-5
Released by: TH2 cells
Promotes production of eosinophils in bone marrow and release into circulation; augments production of IgA
IL-6
Released by: activated phagocytic cells, TH2 cells
Major inflammatory cytokine; activates lymphocytes via regulating B cell expansion; activates acute phase protein production by acting on liver (fever/CRP production
IL-8 (CXCL8)
Released by: activated phagocytic cells
Chemokine; recruits neutrophils
IL-10
Released by: TH2 cells
Drives B cell differentiation; inhibits TH1 responses
IL-12
Released by: activated DCs and other myeloid cells
Activates cytolytic lymphocytes; guides CD4 T-cell differentiation toward TH1 cells
TNF-a
Released by: activated MPs, monocytes, T cells
Major inflammatory cytokine; activates vascular endothelium; activates acute phase protein production by acting on liver (fever/CRP production); activates myeloid APCs
IFN-y
Released by: TH1 cells
Enhances MP activation and killing power; activates APC cell functions; guides CD4 T cell differentiation toward TH1 cells; activates NK cells; induces IgG2a & IgG3
IFN-a/B
Released by: plasmacytoid DCs (IFN-a); virally infected/stressed cells (IFN-B)
Activate cellular defenses that inhibit viral replication and defend against infection; activate the acute phase response
