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Micro and Immuno > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

Synthesis of cytokines is…

A

transient (burst)

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2
Q

What are the correct characteristics of cytokines?

A

Secretion of cytokines is transient.
Cytokines can activate or inhibit cell functions.
Cytokines can affect multiple cell types.
Cytokines are redundant and multiple cytokines can affect the same cellular function.

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3
Q

Which cytokines participate in the recruitment of neutrophils from the blood?

A

IL-1 and TNFα

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4
Q

What effect does the release of cytokines in the circulation has?

A

It induce cells from the liver to produce acute-phase reactants

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5
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-6 & IL-1 & TNF

A

Acute phase reactant release

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6
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: TNF & IL-1

A

Neutrophil recruitment

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7
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IFNalpha

A

Natural killer activation

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8
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IFNgamma

A

Macrophage activation

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9
Q

(T/F) M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory.

A

True

M1 macrophages play an important role in inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, M2 macrophages are important in the late stage of inflammation as they are involved in tissue repair and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines.

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10
Q

(T/F) M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory.

A

True

M1 macrophages play an important role in inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, M2 macrophages are important in the late stage of inflammation as they are involved in tissue repair and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines.

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11
Q

T cells produce cytokines that affect several cell types. Which of these cytokines promote T cell proliferation?

A

IL-2

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12
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-12

A

Induce Th1 cell differentiation

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13
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-4

A

Induce Th2 cell differentiation

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14
Q

Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL6/TGFβ

A

Induce Th17 cell differentiation

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15
Q

Th1 cells produce…

A

IFNγ

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16
Q

Th17 cells produce…

A

IL-17 and IL-22

17
Q

Th2 cells produce…

A

IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13

18
Q

What is the effect of the following: IFNγ

A

Activate macrophages and help B cells switch the isotype of the immunoglobulin they produce to IgG

19
Q

What is the effect of the following: IL-17 and IL-22

A

Lead to neutrophil activation

20
Q

What is the effect of the following: IL-4 and IL-5

A

Activate eosinophils and IL-4 helps B cells switch the isotype of the immunoglobulin they produce to IgE

21
Q

What is the effect of the following: T follicular helper cells (Tfh)

A

Found in in the germinal center produce lL-21 that helps B cells produce immunoglobulins.

22
Q

TNFα is mostly produced by…

A

Activated macrophages

23
Q

TNFβ is produced by…

A

Activated T and B cells

24
Q

In case of a systemic infection (sepsis)…

A

TNFα is produced by macrophages and released in the bloodstream

25
Q

Decreased blood volume and disseminated intravascular coagulation that ensue can cause vessel collapse and can lead to…

A

Septic shock associated with multiple organ failure and amputation

25
Q

Decreased blood volume and disseminated intravascular coagulation that ensue can cause vessel collapse and can lead to…

A

Septic shock associated with multiple organ failure and amputation

26
Q

IFNα is produced by…

A

Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and DC

27
Q

IFNγ is produced by…

A

Lymphocytes and NK cells

28
Q

Viral dsRNA binding to TLR3 triggers…

A

Production of IFNα/β

29
Q

IFNα/β induces…

A

An antiviral state in uninfected cells in the vicinity

30
Q

If the cells are infected with a virus, its viral replication is inhibited, this state being called…

A

An antiviral state

31
Q

what is the outcome of IFNalpha triggered by viral infection of the lung cells and binding on receptors of uninfected cells present in the vicinity?

A

Inhibition of viral replication

Unifected cells that bind IFN will enter an antiviral state where viral replication will be inhibited.

32
Q

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes in four different ways:

A

From blood to tissues
From infection sites to draining lymph nodes
From primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
From lymphoid organs to infection sites

32
Q

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes in four different ways:

A

From blood to tissues
From infection sites to draining lymph nodes
From primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
From lymphoid organs to infection sites

33
Q

How do chemokines affect leukocytes?

A

Leukocytes follow the chemokine gradient from low concentration to high concentration.

Micro and Immuno (17 decks)

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