Cytokines Flashcards
Synthesis of cytokines is…
transient (burst)
What are the correct characteristics of cytokines?
Secretion of cytokines is transient.
Cytokines can activate or inhibit cell functions.
Cytokines can affect multiple cell types.
Cytokines are redundant and multiple cytokines can affect the same cellular function.
Which cytokines participate in the recruitment of neutrophils from the blood?
IL-1 and TNFα
What effect does the release of cytokines in the circulation has?
It induce cells from the liver to produce acute-phase reactants
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-6 & IL-1 & TNF
Acute phase reactant release
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: TNF & IL-1
Neutrophil recruitment
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IFNalpha
Natural killer activation
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IFNgamma
Macrophage activation
(T/F) M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory.
True
M1 macrophages play an important role in inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, M2 macrophages are important in the late stage of inflammation as they are involved in tissue repair and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines.
(T/F) M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory.
True
M1 macrophages play an important role in inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, M2 macrophages are important in the late stage of inflammation as they are involved in tissue repair and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines.
T cells produce cytokines that affect several cell types. Which of these cytokines promote T cell proliferation?
IL-2
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-12
Induce Th1 cell differentiation
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL-4
Induce Th2 cell differentiation
Match the cytokine with its correct effect: IL6/TGFβ
Induce Th17 cell differentiation
Th1 cells produce…
IFNγ
Th17 cells produce…
IL-17 and IL-22
Th2 cells produce…
IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13
What is the effect of the following: IFNγ
Activate macrophages and help B cells switch the isotype of the immunoglobulin they produce to IgG
What is the effect of the following: IL-17 and IL-22
Lead to neutrophil activation
What is the effect of the following: IL-4 and IL-5
Activate eosinophils and IL-4 helps B cells switch the isotype of the immunoglobulin they produce to IgE
What is the effect of the following: T follicular helper cells (Tfh)
Found in in the germinal center produce lL-21 that helps B cells produce immunoglobulins.
TNFα is mostly produced by…
Activated macrophages
TNFβ is produced by…
Activated T and B cells
In case of a systemic infection (sepsis)…
TNFα is produced by macrophages and released in the bloodstream
Decreased blood volume and disseminated intravascular coagulation that ensue can cause vessel collapse and can lead to…
Septic shock associated with multiple organ failure and amputation
Decreased blood volume and disseminated intravascular coagulation that ensue can cause vessel collapse and can lead to…
Septic shock associated with multiple organ failure and amputation
IFNα is produced by…
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and DC
IFNγ is produced by…
Lymphocytes and NK cells
Viral dsRNA binding to TLR3 triggers…
Production of IFNα/β
IFNα/β induces…
An antiviral state in uninfected cells in the vicinity
If the cells are infected with a virus, its viral replication is inhibited, this state being called…
An antiviral state
what is the outcome of IFNalpha triggered by viral infection of the lung cells and binding on receptors of uninfected cells present in the vicinity?
Inhibition of viral replication
Unifected cells that bind IFN will enter an antiviral state where viral replication will be inhibited.
Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes in four different ways:
From blood to tissues
From infection sites to draining lymph nodes
From primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
From lymphoid organs to infection sites
Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes in four different ways:
From blood to tissues
From infection sites to draining lymph nodes
From primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
From lymphoid organs to infection sites
How do chemokines affect leukocytes?
Leukocytes follow the chemokine gradient from low concentration to high concentration.
