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Serology-Immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers that regulate the immune system

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

Single cytokine can have many different actions

A

Pleiotropy

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3
Q

Different cytokines activate some of the same pathways and genes

A

Redundancy

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4
Q

Effect of cytokines complement and enhance each other

A

Synergistic

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5
Q

Cytokine secreted by a specific type of cell can activate target cells to produce additional cytokines

A

Cascade induction

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6
Q

Main cytokines involved in innate immune response

A

IL-1, TNF-a, IL-6, chemokines, transforming growth factor-B, IFN-a & B

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7
Q

IL-1a & B are produced by:

A

Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

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8
Q

Functions as the thermostat for the body

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Acts as an endogenous pyrogen (induces fever) in the acute-phase response

A

IL-1

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10
Q

IL-1 induces production of ____.

A

Vascular cell-adhesion molecules
Chemokines
IL-6

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11
Q

Passage of leukocytes through the walls of the blood vessels

A

Diapedesis

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12
Q

Best characterized cytokine inhibitor

A

IL-1RA

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13
Q

Cytokine which causes vasodilation and increased permeability

A

TNF-a

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14
Q

Main trigger for TNF-a

A

Presence of lipopolysaccharide from gram(-) bacteria

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15
Q

Primary mediator of TNF-a signal transduction

A

TNFR1

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE: TNF-a and IL-1 are present in rheumatoid synovial fluids and synovial membrane of patients with RA.

A

True

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17
Q

IL-6 is produced by:

A

Lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell types

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18
Q

____ triggers IL-6 secretion.

A

IL-1

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19
Q

Stimulates B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

A

IL-6

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20
Q

Induces CD4+ T cells to produce greater quantities of pro- & anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-6

21
Q

Common signal-transducing receptor subunit used by cytokines

A

gp130

22
Q

Family of cytokines that enhance motility and promote migration of WBCs

A

Chemokines

23
Q

Cell adhesion molecules on leukocytes

A

Integrins

24
Q

Chemokine receptors used by HIV as coreceptors for infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes & macrophages

A

CXCR4 & CCR5

25
Q

Induces antiproliferative activity; acts as a control to help downregulate inflammatory response when no longer needed

A

TGF-B

26
Q

Important factor in the establishment of oral tolerance to bacteria

A

TGF-B

27
Q

IFNs are produced by:

A

Dendritic cells

28
Q

Induce production of proteins and pathways that directly interfere with viral replication and cell division

A

IFN-a & B (type I IFNs)

29
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Type I IFN does not activate NK cells.

A

False

30
Q

IFN which is efficacious in treating multiple sclerosis

A

IFN-B

31
Q

IFN used to treat hepatitis C and Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

IFN-a

32
Q

Activation of ____ cells induces high-level expression of IFN-gamma.

A

Th1

33
Q

____ increases the cytolytic ability of NK cells.

A

IL-12

34
Q

____ is the principal molecule produced by Th1 cells.

A

IFN-Y

35
Q

Most potent activator of macrophages

A

IFN-Y

36
Q

Also known as the T-cell growth factor

A

IL-2

37
Q

Induces production of MHC-I, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and CD80 and CD86

A

IL-4

38
Q

Plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting activation and cytokine secretion by monocytes

A

IL-13

39
Q

Has an anti-inflammatory and suppressive effects on Th1 cells

A

IL-10

40
Q

Serves as an antagonist to IFN-Y

A

IL-10

41
Q

TGF-B induces expression of ____, a transcription factor that causes Treg cells to suppress the activity of other T cells.

A

Foxp3

42
Q

CD4+ T cells induced from antigen-activated naive T cells in the presence of IL-10

A

Adaptive T regulatory (Tr1) cells

43
Q

Play an important role in host defense against bacterial ad fungal infections at mucosal surfaces

A

Th17 cells

44
Q

Primary mediators of hematopoiesis

A

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

45
Q

Acts to drive differentiation toward other WBC types

A

GM-CSF

46
Q

If ____ is activated, the cells become macrophages.

A

M-CSF

47
Q

If ____ is activated, the cells become neutrophils.

A

G-CSF

48
Q

Regulates RBC production in the bone marrow; produced by the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

49
Q

EPO levels should be interpreted with ____ because levels ca increase up to a thousand-fold during anemia.

A

Hematocrit

Serology-Immunology (2 decks)

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