Cysts Flashcards
What is a cyst?
How are they treated?
A pathological cavity with fluid/semi fluid contents - NOT created by the accumulation of pus.
- May or may not be lined with epithelium
Treatment - elliptical excision
How are jaw cysts categorised?
Odontogenic or Non-odontogenic
What is a mucocele?
How is it treated?
Mucocele - mucous retention cyst
Treatment - clinical examination and elliptical excision
List 3 types of special investigations used to identify cysts:
- Ultrasound
- FNA’s
- MRI
What is a ranula?
Where are these normally found?
How is it treated and reoccurrence prevented?
Ranula - large mucocele from sublingual gland (means frogs belly)
Usually found on FOM
Treatment - excision with sublingual gland removal to prevent reoccurrence
What are sebaceous cysts?
Lumps on the skin associated with hairy areas i.e. scalp
What is a dermoid cyst?
Caused from presence of ectoderm at lines of fusion
What is a teratoma?
A germ cell tumour with tissue or organ components resembling normal tissue of more than one germ layer i.e. hair, nails, skin
What is a thyroglossal cyst?
What is the main way to identify?
Thyroglossal cyst - cysts anywhere along thyroid tract
Identification - they move on swallowing
What is a branchial cyst and where are they located?
How is this identified and treated?
Branchial cyst - remnants of 2nd or 3rd branchial arches
Location - lateral aspect of the neck
MRI is essential for identification
Treatment - removal is difficult as they lie between internal and external carotid arteries
What will patients with hard tissue cysts present with?
List 5 symptoms
- Bleeding
- Swelling
- Paraesthesia
- Trismus
- Mobility of teeth
What is a bruit?
Bruit = a vascular murmur - an abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction, or a localised high rate blood flow through an unobstructed artery
What is a multilocular cyst?
Multilocular cyst - cyst containing several compartments formed by membranous septa
List 3 non-odontogenic cysts:
- Nasopalatine duct cyst
- Globulomaxillary cyst
- Nasolabial cyst
List 2 non-epithelialized bone cysts: (typically mandible)
- Solitary (simple, traumatic) bone cyst
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
What is a radicular cyst?
Radicular cyst - periapical cyst associated with a non-vital tooth
What is a residual cyst?
Residual cyst - inflammatory odontogenic cysts, usually asymptomatic and present on post-extraction site
What is a dentigerous cyst?
Dentigerous cyst - associated with crown of an unerupted tooth
What is an odontogenic keratocyte?
Where do they typically occur?
Cysts which infiltrate the bone and can spread into soft tissues
Occur in tooth bearing areas and ramus of mandible
What is Ameloblastoma?
Are they cancerous?
Where is the most common location?
When treating an ameloblastoma, what is essential?
Ameloblastoma = rare tumour of odontogenic epithelium
Can benign or malignant
More common in the mandible
Treatment - ameloblastoma must be removed with a margin of bone
Describe the process of enucleation:
Enucleation - a sharp curette/Mitchell’s trimmer used to separate cyst lining from adjacent bone
