Cystitis

Question 0

Cystitis can be caused by

Answer 0

irritation, or more commonly by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Question 1

Age related factors contributing to UTIs

Answer 1

Urinary stasis caused by Incomplete bladder emptying. Neuromuscular conditions that cause incomplete bladder emptying (ex Stroke). The use of anticholinergic drugs in older adults contributes to delayed bladder emptying. Fecal incontinence contributes to poor perineal hygiene. Hypoestrogenism in older women adversely affects the cells of the vagina and urethra, making them more susceptible to infections.

Question 2

Pathophysiology of cystitis

Answer 2

Infectious agents (bacteria) move up the urinary tract from the external urethra to the bladder.

Question 3

90% of UTIs are caused by

Answer 3

Escherichia coli

Question 4

Which pts are at risk for fungal UTI?

Answer 4

Pts who are severely immunosuppressed, are receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents, or have diabetes mellitus or AIDS.

Question 5

Noninfectious cystitis may result from

Answer 5

chemical exposure, such as to drugs, from radiation therapy, and from immunologic responses, as w systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 6

Most common cause of sepsis in hospitalized pts is

Answer 6

UTIs

Question 7

Key features of a UTI

Answer 7

Frequency, urgency, dysuria, hesitancy/difficulty initiating urine stream.

Urine may be cloudy, foul smelling, or blood tinged.

Question 8

Lab assessment: Urinalysis

Answer 8

Tests for leukocyte esterase and nitrate. Performed on a clean catch midstream specimen.

Question 9

Cytoscopy

Answer 9

performed when the pt has recurrent UTIs. Its needed to accurately diagnose interstitial cystitis.

Question 10

Nonsurgical Management of cystitis

Answer 10

Drug therapy: Drugs used to treat bacteriuria & promote pt comfort include urinary antiseptics or antibiotics, analgesics, and antispasmodics.
Nutrition Therapy: Include all food groups, include more calories for the increased metabolism caused by infection. 50 mL of cranberry juice can decrease adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells.
Comfort measures: A warm sitz bath taken 2-3/day for 20 min (pt should urinate in the warm water to ease pain.)

Question 11

Surgical management of cystitis

Answer 11

Cystoscopy can identify & remove calculi or obstructions

Question 12

Urethritis

Answer 12

inflamation of the urethra that causes symptoms similar to uti. Most common cause in men is STDs. In women manifestations are similar to those of bacterial cystitis (most common in menopausal women.)