Cystic Fibrosis, Lung Cancer + Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
What type of disorder is Cystic Fibrosis?
Inherited disorder in cell chloride channels
CFTR gene - Chromosome gene
What type of a gene is CFTR?
- Recessive gene
- Both parents need the gene
How many children are affected by CF?
1 in 4
How does CF affect the lungs? (2)
- Produces excess sticky mucous
- Lung and pancreas mainly affected (malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas)
How is CF diagnosed? (2)
- Perinatal testing
- all children now screened at birth by blood - Sweat test
- Measures salt content of sweat
- Greater salt in CF patients
List the main symptoms for CF (4)
- Troublesome cough
- Repeated chest infections
- Prolonged diarrhoea
- Poor weight gain
List other symptoms for CF (4)
- Liver dysfunction in some
- Prone to oesteoporosis
- Diabetes symptoms
- Prolonged pancreas disease - Reduced fertility
- Mainly male
List examples of CF tx (4)
- Physiotherapy
- Medication
- Exercise
- Transplantation
How is physiotherapy used for CF tx? (2)
- Used to help remove the mucous secretions from the lungs
2. Performed at home by parents
What meds are used to treat the lungs for CF? (4)
- Bronchodilators to open the airways
- Antibiotics to reduce chest infection frequency
- Steroids to reduce airway inflammation
- DNAse to break down mucus
What meds are used to treat the digestive system for CF? (2)
- Pancreative enzyme replacement
2. Nutritional supplements
How is exercise useful for treating CF?
- Necessary to keep lung function optimal
2. Necessary to build physical bulk + strength
How long do CF patients survive with a heart lung transplant? (2)
- 70% survive up to 2 years
- Longest survival about 12yrs
What is the most common type of lung tumour?
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Smoking related
List some lung tumour effects (5)
- Cough
- Haemoptysis (blood stained sputum)
- Pneumonia
- Metastasis - bone, liver, brain
- Dysphagia
How does haemopytsis occur? (2)
- Irritation to the airway from a tumour
2. Tumour is vascular and it bleeds easily, so the patient coughs up blood stained sputum
Define sleep apnoea
Airway obstruction whilst asleep
- 10secs or more duration
- Airway muscle tone drops
How does sleep apnoea present? (3)
- May snore
- Drowsiness during the day
- Fall asleep driving - Increased risk of MI (low O2)
Name the 2 types of sleep apnoea
- OSA (most common)
2. Central Sleep Apnoea
How is sleep apnoea measured?
Measure with AHI
- Apnoea/hypopnoea index
- Score <10 means few problems
What is used to treat sleep apnoea? (2)
- CPAP
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- Not ventilation, just blows air into upper airways - Mandibular Advancement Devices
- Will pull mandible and tongue forward so kept off the airway
