Cycle1 Unittest Flashcards
What is the atomic number?
The atomic number is the number of protons (and electrons) in the nucleus.
What is Electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself. Electronegativity usually increases on the table as you go left -> right and decreases as you go down a group.
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is a bond between a metal and a nonmetal. (A chemical bond formed when one atom gives up 1+ electrons to another atom) These atoms have opposing charges
What does the term Diatomic mean?
Diatomic means “(molecules) consisting of 2 atoms”
What is the Empirical Formula?
It tells us the relative ratios of different atoms in a compound. It’s the smallest ratio-form of a molecule. H2O2 = HO and C6H12O6 = CH2O
What is a base?
A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Bases usually end with OH-
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition?
Bronsted-Lowry states that any compound that can transfer a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is the base.
What is a conjugate base?
It is the substance formed by the removal of a proton from an acid
What does saturated mean?
A saturated solution has the most amount of solute that the solvent can have dissolved in it at a given temperature, also know as solubility.
What is the Mass Number?
The mass number of an element is the total amount of neutrons and protons
What is a Period on the Periodic Table?
A period is the horizontal rows on the table
What is an Ion?
An ion is any group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. pos. charged ion = cation, neg. charged ion = anion
What is a covalent bond?
A (molecular)covalent bond is a bond between 2 nonmetals. It is from atoms that SHARE electrons
What is the molecular formula?
The molecular formula is the chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule. It’s like the empirical formula, but the exact ratios, not minimized to lowest ratio.
What is Dissociation?
Dissociation is when molecules split into other things such as ions, atoms, etc.
What is the Arrhenius theory?
The Arrhenius theory defines an acid/base based on its dissociation in water; a base that dissociates in water will yield a OH- ion, an acid that dissociates in water yields an H+ ion.
What is a conjugate acid?
A conjugate acid is an acid that contains one or more H atom and one more (+) charge than the base that formed it.( when a proton is added to a base)
What is a group?
A group is a column on the periodic table, vertically
What is the atomic radius?
The atomic radius is the size of an atom with its valence shells. As you go up in valence electrons, the size gradually increases, with each new ring ( and low valence electrons ), the size goes up some more from valence electrons attraction to the nucleus
What is a valence shell?
A valence shell is the outermost ring of an atom
What is a polyatomic ion?
A polyatomic ion is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms (or metal complex), that can be considered to behave as a single unit and has a net charge that is NOT zero
What is percent composition?
Percent composition is the mass by what percent is each element of in a compound (by mass)
What is an aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is a solution where the solvent is water
What is pH?
pH is the power of hydrogen. It defines an acid and travels on a logarithmic scale.
What is solubility?
Solubility is the max amount that a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
What is electron affinity?
Electron affinity is the measure of attraction (the ability to) between the incoming electron and the nucleus
What is ionic radius?
Ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an ion and the outermost shell of that ion
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are electrons that are on the outermost shell of an atom
What is a strong acid/base
A strong acid/base is a solution with <4 or >11 on the pH scale
What is an acid?
An acid is a solution with a pH of under 7
What is a weak acid/base?
A weak acid/base is a solution that is +-3 from 7 on the pH scale
What is salt?
A salt/ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of cations and anions (neg. and pos. charged ions
What is supersaturated
Supersaturated is a term for when a solution has more solute than the solvent needs at a given temperature, to become saturated
