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BIO 98 > Cycle Regulators > Flashcards

Cycle Regulators Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regulators of hexokinase?

A

glucose +
glucose-6-phosphate -
insulin +
glucagon -
2DG - (competitive)

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2
Q

What are the regulators of glucokinase?

A

glucose +
fructose-6-phosphate -
insulin +
glucagon -

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3
Q

What are the DIRECT regulators of phosphofructokinase-I (PFK-I)?

A

ATP -
ADP +
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate +
citrate -

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4
Q

What are the INDIRECT regulators of phosphofructokinase-I (PFK-I)? How?

A

insulin and glucagon

insulin: stimulates PFK-2 and inhibits F-2,6-BPase; dephosphorylates

glucagon: inhibits PFK-2 and stimulates F-2,6-BPase; phosphorylates

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5
Q

What are the regulators of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)?

A

AMP +
ATP -

pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase -
(phosphorylates)

pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
(dephosphorylates)

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6
Q

What are the regulators of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase?

A

Acetyl CoA +
ATP +
NADH +
ADP -
pyruvate -

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7
Q

What are the regulators of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase?

A

insulin +
Ca2+ +

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8
Q

What are the regulators of citrate synthase?

A

ATP -
NADH -
ADP +
succinyl-CoA -
citrate -

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9
Q

What are the regulators of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ATP -
ADP +
Ca2+ +

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10
Q

What are the regulators of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A

NADH -
succinyl-CoA -
Ca2+ +

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11
Q

What are the regulators of pyruvate carboxylase?

A

glucagon +
cortisol +
acetyl-CoA +
ADP -

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12
Q

What are the regulators of phospheoenol pyruvate carboxylase?

A

glucagon +
cortisol +

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13
Q

What are the regulators of fructose-1,6-biphosphotase?

A

cortisol +
frucose-2,6-biphosphate -
glucagon + (indirectly)

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14
Q

How does glucagon stimulate fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase?

A

by stimulating protein kinase A –> inhibit PFK-2, stimulate F-2,6-BPase –> decrease [F-2,6-BP] –> inhibits PFK 1 –> stops glycolysis

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15
Q

What are the regulators of ACC?

A

citrate +
ATP +
insulin +
long chain FA-CoA -
AMP -
glucagon -

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16
Q

What is a regulator of the carnitine shuttle?

A

malonyl CoA -

17
Q

what are the regulators of pyruvate kinase?

A

ATP -
Long chain fatty acids -
acetyl-CoA -
glucagon -
insulin +
fructose-1,6-BP +

18
Q

What is the main regulator of lipases?

A

glucagon +

19
Q

What are the regulators of the PDH cycle?

A

high levels of CoA-Sh and NAD+

BIO 98 (3 decks)

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