Cycadophyta & Ginkgophyta

Question 1

Basic features of Cycadophyta?

Answer 1

140 spp
Tropical to subtropical

Question 2

Features of Cycadophyta roots?

Answer 2

Thick, long, tap roots
Apogeotropic roots =coralloid roots
Cyanobacteria

Question 2

Features of Cycadophyta stem?

Answer 2

Upright, unbranched
Estelle with slow secondary growth
Large pith and cortex

Question 3

Features of Cycadophyta leaves?

Answer 3

Long, pinnate
Perennial
Circinated vernation of leaf
Thick cuticle, stomatal crypts
Dichotomous venation with anastomoses

Question 4

Features of Cycadophyta reproduction?

Answer 4

Dioecious
Female and male strobili on separate plants

Question 5

Features of Cycadophyta Megasporangiate?
(SEED CONE)

Answer 5

Large ovules
Sporophylls (Leafy scaly
Nucellus & Integuments

Question 6

What happens post pollination in cycads?

Answer 6

Pollen germinates on nucellus
– Haustorial pollen tube grows in nucellus
2 large flagellated sperm released in archegonia chamber
Sperm swim between neck cells, fertilize egg

Question 7

Features of Cycadophyta Microsporangiate?
(POLLEN CONE)

Answer 7

beetles important for pollination
Sporophylls thick scaly

Question 8

What happens to the zygote in cycad?

Answer 8

Zygote undergoes extensive free nuclear division before cell walls form

Question 9

What are Bennettitales? (Cycadeoids)

Answer 9

220-60 MYA
Pinnately compound leaves
Short conical or ovoid stems with eustele
Strobili on stems

Question 10

Ginkgophyta features?

Answer 10

1 species= Ginkgo blob

Question 11

Whats the Ginko stem?

Answer 11

Stout trunk
30 m
Spreading branches
Dense wood with tracheids

Question 12

What are the 2 branch types of gingko?

Answer 12

1. Long shoots =Main axes
2. Short shoots =spur shoots

Question 13

What are the features of Gingko leaves?

Answer 13

Deciduous
Dichotomous venation
Notched or lobed depending on (age, environment, genetics)

Question 14

What are the Male features in Gingko reproduction?

Answer 14

Dioecious
Ovules and pollen cones on short shoot
Male (simple strobilus

Question 15

What are the Female features in Gingko reproduction?

Answer 15

No strobilus
Stalk with 2 or 3 ovule at tip
Large ovules

Question 16

How do Gingko pollinate?

Answer 16

Wind
Pollination drop
Haustoria pollen tube
Multiflagellated sperm
Archegonial chamber

Question 17

How does the integument of Gingko work?

Answer 17

matures in 3 layers
1. Inner, thin, fleshy layer
2. Middle hard stoney layer
Outer, thick fleshy layer