Cybersecurity

Question 1

Malware

Answer 1

• Short for malicious software, malware is a
  broad-spectrum term used to describe
  software used to disrupt computer operation.

Question 2

Viruses

Answer 2

• A virus is a computer program that is able to
  copy itself onto other programs often with the
  intention of maliciously damaging data. A virus
  is transmitted by ‘piggybacking’ on another
  program known as a ‘vector’.

Question 3

Worm

Answer 3

Is similar to a virus but is a standalone
program that replicates itself in order to spread
to other computers. It does not need a vector.

Question 4

Key loggers

Answer 4

Are covert programs that capture keyboard (or
other input device) input and transmit this data
to a third party or hold the data for collection.

Question 5

firewall

Answer 5

software or hardware security system that controls the
incoming and outgoing network traffic. Packets of data are analysed to determine whether
they should be allowed through or not.

Question 6

protection

Answer 6

patching out-dated software
* security tools
* personnel.

Question 6

anti-virus software

Answer 6

program that can be loaded into
memory when the computer is running.
It monitors activity on a computer
system for the signs of virus infection

Question 7

SQL injection

Answer 7

malicious users can inject SQL commands into an SQL
statement, via web page input. Injected SQL commands can alter SQL statements and
compromise the security of information held in a database.

Question 8

Denial of service (DoS) attacks

Answer 8

attempt to make your website and servers unavailable to legitimate users, by swamping a
system with fake requests
(single internet connection)

Question 9

DDoS

Answer 9

launched from multiple
connected devices that are distributed
across the internet.

Question 10

Dictionary attack

Answer 10

This uses a simple file containing words found in a
dictionary. This attack uses exactly the kind of words that
many people use as their password

Question 11

Brute force attack

Answer 11

able to detect
non-dictionary words by working through all possible
alphanumeric combinations from aaa1 to zzz10. It’s not
quick, but it will uncover your password eventually.

Question 12

Guess

Answer 12

A user-generated password is unlikely to be random.
Passwords are likely to be based upon our interests,
hobbies, pet names, family names etc. Educated guesses
often work.

Question 13

IP spoofing

Answer 13

an attacker changing
the IP address of a legitimate host so that a visitor who types in the URL of a legitimate site
is taken to a fraudulent or spoofed web page

Question 14

Social engineering

Answer 14

tricking a user
into giving out sensitive information such as a password, by posing as a legitimate system
administrator.

Question 15

phishing

Answer 15

sending emails or other messages purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.