cyber security

Question 1

Hacking

Answer 1

illegally gaining access to a computer system

Question 2

Cracking

Answer 2

illegally changing source code of a program so that it can be exploited for another use

Question 3

6 types of malware

Answer 3

worms, viruses, ransomware, adware, trojan horse, and spyware

Question 4

Spyware

Answer 4

software that gathers information by monitoring; the gathered info is sent back to the person who sent the software

Question 5

Viruses

Answer 5

program(or program code) that self-replicate and delete/corrupt files, or causing the computer to malfunction

Question 6

Phishing

Answer 6

a legitimate-looking email sent to a user by a cybercriminal; redirects user to fake website; used to try and steal financial details

Question 7

Pharming

Answer 7

malicious code stored on a computer; redirects user to fake website to steal users data

Question 8

Brute force attacks

Answer 8

a hacker systematically trying all combinations of letters, numbers and characters to ‘crack’ user’s password

Question 9

DNS cache poisoning

Answer 9

used with pharming; changes the IP address sent by DNS server to fake website

Question 10

Trojan horse

Answer 10

disguised as legitimate software but with malicious intentions; often arrive as an email attachment; need to be executed to run and infect

Question 11

Trojan horse often act as ________ or _______ once installed.

Answer 11

spyware, ransomware

Question 12

Adware

Answer 12

software that floods user with unwanted adverts; usually in the form of pop-ups; redirects user’s browser to different websites

Question 13

Worms

Answer 13

malware that self-replicates; spread throughout networks - rely on poor network security

Question 14

Unlike a virus, _______ don’t need an active open program to cause damage or user to initiate them

Answer 14

worms

Question 15

Social engineering

Answer 15

Cybercriminal manipulates user to drop usual security procedures; no hacking involved

Question 16

5 main types of social engineering

Answer 16

instant messaging; scareware(pop up claiming user infected); phishing; baiting(cybercriminal leaves an infecting USB stick); phone calls(fake IT call center)

Question 17

DDoS Attacks stand for

Answer 17

Distributed Denial of Service Attacks

Question 18

DDoS Attacks

Answer 18

designed to flood a server with useless traffic(large number of requests); server come to a stop trying to deal with the traffic; spam originates from many different computers in different locations

Question 19

_________ prevent users gaining access to the web server.

Answer 19

DDoS Attacks

Question 20

Data Interception

Answer 20

Stealing data by tapping into wired/wireless comm link; intercepted data sent back to the hacker

Question 21

Data interception can be carried out using _____________ and ____________________.

Answer 21

packet sniffer, wardriving/access point mapping

Question 22

Causes of data loss

Answer 22

accidental deletion; malicious virus; hardware/software failure; natural disaster

Question 23

Prevention of data loss

Answer 23

set data to read only; use correct shut down procedures/procedures when removing portable storage devices

Question 24

Antivirus

Answer 24

compares virus signature against a database of known virus signatures

Question 24

Firewalls

Answer 24

prevent unauthorized access; acts as a FILTER for incoming/outgoing data; checks data meets criteria; logs incoming and outgoing traffic; blocks access to specified IP addresses

Question 25

Proxy server

Answer 25

keeps user IP address secret; prevents direct access to a web server; filters traffic; blocks selected IP addresses

Question 26

Proxy server speeds up traffic using ________.

Answer 26

cache

Question 27

Proxy server helps prevent hacking of a _________.

Answer 27

web server