Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS): Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS)?

A

A system that integrates computation, networking, and physical processes.

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2
Q

What role do sensors play in a CPS?

A

Sensors collect real-time data from the environment for processing.

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3
Q

What is the function of actuators in a CPS?

A

Actuators control physical systems by manipulating them based on processed data.

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4
Q

What are embedded systems in CPS?

A

Small computing devices that control physical processes in real time.

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5
Q

Give examples of embedded systems used in CPS.

A

Examples include microcontrollers like Arduino and Raspberry Pi.

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6
Q

What are control algorithms in CPS?

A

They are algorithms that ensure systems behave in a desired way by analyzing input and issuing commands.

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7
Q

What role do communication networks play in CPS?

A

They enable data exchange between sensors, controllers, and actuators, ensuring real-time communication.

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8
Q

Name some communication technologies used in CPS.

A

Technologies include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and 5G networks.

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9
Q

What is a Human-Machine Interface (HMI)?

A

An interface that allows humans to interact with CPS by providing inputs or receiving information.

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10
Q

Why are security mechanisms important in CPS?

A

They protect the system from cyber threats and prevent unauthorized access.

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11
Q

What is the challenge of balancing security and real-time performance in CPS?

A

Security measures can introduce delays that affect the real-time responsiveness of CPS.

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12
Q

How is AI used in modern CPS?

A

AI enables CPS to make intelligent decisions, optimize performance, and adapt to changing conditions.

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13
Q

What is edge computing and its role in CPS?

A

Edge computing decentralizes processing, reducing latency and bandwidth usage by processing data close to where it is generated.

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14
Q

What are modeling and simulation tools used for in CPS?

A

They are used to design, test, and validate CPS before real-world deployment.

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15
Q

What are digital twins?

A

Virtual replicas of physical systems used for simulation and testing.

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16
Q

How did early CPS in the 1960s-1980s differ from today?

A

They were isolated systems focused mainly on real-time control without sophisticated networking.

17
Q

How did CPS evolve in the 1990s-2000s?

A

CPS began incorporating networking, allowing communication and data exchange across systems.

18
Q

How has IoT influenced CPS development?

A

IoT enables distributed sensor networks, real-time data collection, and machine-to-machine communication.

19
Q

What is Industry 4.0?

A

The fourth industrial revolution, where CPS-driven automation, self-optimizing systems, and smart factories play a central role.

20
Q

What future developments are expected in autonomous CPS?

A

Advances in AI will lead to more sophisticated autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots.

21
Q

What are the challenges of CPS in smart cities?

A

Integrating CPS across infrastructure, transportation, and utilities to improve sustainability and efficiency.

22
Q

How is CPS transforming healthcare?

A

CPS enables robotic surgery, cybernetic prosthetics, and personalized medicine, improving healthcare outcomes.

23
Q

What role will quantum computing play in the future of CPS?

A

Quantum computing will solve complex problems, enhancing CPS’s capabilities in areas like cryptography and material science.

24
Q

What ethical challenges arise with the development of CPS?

A

Concerns include privacy, data governance, and the ethics of AI-driven decisions.

25
Q

How does cloud computing contribute to CPS?

A

Cloud computing allows centralized data processing, enabling scalable and efficient computation for CPS.