Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS): Overview Flashcards
What is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS)?
A system that integrates computation, networking, and physical processes.
What role do sensors play in a CPS?
Sensors collect real-time data from the environment for processing.
What is the function of actuators in a CPS?
Actuators control physical systems by manipulating them based on processed data.
What are embedded systems in CPS?
Small computing devices that control physical processes in real time.
Give examples of embedded systems used in CPS.
Examples include microcontrollers like Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
What are control algorithms in CPS?
They are algorithms that ensure systems behave in a desired way by analyzing input and issuing commands.
What role do communication networks play in CPS?
They enable data exchange between sensors, controllers, and actuators, ensuring real-time communication.
Name some communication technologies used in CPS.
Technologies include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and 5G networks.
What is a Human-Machine Interface (HMI)?
An interface that allows humans to interact with CPS by providing inputs or receiving information.
Why are security mechanisms important in CPS?
They protect the system from cyber threats and prevent unauthorized access.
What is the challenge of balancing security and real-time performance in CPS?
Security measures can introduce delays that affect the real-time responsiveness of CPS.
How is AI used in modern CPS?
AI enables CPS to make intelligent decisions, optimize performance, and adapt to changing conditions.
What is edge computing and its role in CPS?
Edge computing decentralizes processing, reducing latency and bandwidth usage by processing data close to where it is generated.
What are modeling and simulation tools used for in CPS?
They are used to design, test, and validate CPS before real-world deployment.
What are digital twins?
Virtual replicas of physical systems used for simulation and testing.
How did early CPS in the 1960s-1980s differ from today?
They were isolated systems focused mainly on real-time control without sophisticated networking.
How did CPS evolve in the 1990s-2000s?
CPS began incorporating networking, allowing communication and data exchange across systems.
How has IoT influenced CPS development?
IoT enables distributed sensor networks, real-time data collection, and machine-to-machine communication.
What is Industry 4.0?
The fourth industrial revolution, where CPS-driven automation, self-optimizing systems, and smart factories play a central role.
What future developments are expected in autonomous CPS?
Advances in AI will lead to more sophisticated autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots.
What are the challenges of CPS in smart cities?
Integrating CPS across infrastructure, transportation, and utilities to improve sustainability and efficiency.
How is CPS transforming healthcare?
CPS enables robotic surgery, cybernetic prosthetics, and personalized medicine, improving healthcare outcomes.
What role will quantum computing play in the future of CPS?
Quantum computing will solve complex problems, enhancing CPS’s capabilities in areas like cryptography and material science.
What ethical challenges arise with the development of CPS?
Concerns include privacy, data governance, and the ethics of AI-driven decisions.
How does cloud computing contribute to CPS?
Cloud computing allows centralized data processing, enabling scalable and efficient computation for CPS.
