CX Eval Study Deck Flashcards by Justin King

Recite the V-speeds and their definitions

VSO - 40 KIAS
VS - 48 KIAS
VR - 55 KIAS
VX - 62 KIAS
VG - 68 KIAS
VY- 74 KIAS
VFE 20-30 - 85 KIAS
VA 1900lbs & 2550lbs - 105/90 KIAS
VFE 10 - 110 KIAS
VNO - 129 KIAS
VNE - 163 KIAS

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(True/False) Engines on all ATP 172s are identical.

False

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Identify the range of useable fuel available in the ATP 172 fleet

38 - 53 gallons

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Describe the engine on an S-model Cessna 172

Lycoming
Horizontally opposed
Air cooled
Normally aspirated
Direct drive (crankshaft connected directly to the prop)
IO-360-L2A, 4 cylinders, fuel injected, 180 hp

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Describe the propeller system

McCauley
76 inch
two blade
all metal
fixed pitch
max RPM 2700

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Be able to identify the various engine sizes and specifications for the
various model 172s

O-320-E2D engines in early models (320 cubic inches w/ 150hp @ 2700 RPM)
IO-360-L2A engines in R/S models (360 cubic inches, 180hp @ 2700 RPM)

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What type of flaps does the 172 have? What are the flap settings?

single slot-type flaps
electrically driven by motor in the right wing
4 position detent switch (0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees)

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Describe the 172 landing gear.

tricycle gear
OLEO (air/oil) nose strut (approx 3in of extension on the ground, locks in place while in flight)
Nose strut contains a shimmy damper, linked to pedals via a spring-loaded steering bungee
tubular spring steel main gear

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Describe the electrical system, including differences between early and late
model electrical systems.

28 volt DC electrical system
24 volt lead acid battery
G1000 aircraft have a second standby 24 volt battery

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What are the indications of a failed alternator?

low voltage annunciator
negative reading on main battery ammeter (battery is discharging)
execute low volts annunciator during flight checklist
main battery can supply power to essential equipment for 30 minutes
In G1000 main battery ceases to supply power below 20 volts
With battery switch in ARM, standby battery supplies power for 30 minutes to the essential bus

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Will the engine continue to run with the alternator and battery master
switches turned off?

yes, the magneto system is engine driven and operates independently of the electrical/alternator system

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Describe the ignition system

provided by 2 magnetos mounted on the back of the engine
each magneto powers one spark plug on each cylinder ( total of 8 for redundancy/more complete combustion)
Some aircraft have an Electronic Ignition System (EIS) and an engine driven magneto for redundancy. Powered by the main battery and indicated by a placard

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What type of stall warning system does the 172 have?

pneumatic stall horn
high angles of attack shift low pressure air toward the front of the wing
stall horn sounds 5-10 knots above stall

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(True / False) There are different checklists for early and late model 172s.

True

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Describe the fuel system, including differences between early and late
model fuel systems.
A. What is the fuel capacity? How many gallons are unusable?
B. What grade fuel is to be used in the 172?
C. How many fuel pumps are on the aircraft?
D. When is the electric fuel pump to be used?
E. What are the positions on the fuel selector control, and when is it
appropriate to change selections?

Late Model
- 56 gal total, 53 usable, 26.5 each wing
- 100 or 100LL
- 2, auxiliary and engine driven fuel pumps
- engine priming only
- left, right and both. Both during normal operations, left when accomplishing the terminate/shutdown checklist

Early Model
- as little as 38 gallons of usable fuel) amount is placarded on the fuel selector
- 3 sumps
- no auxiliary fuel pump
- no separate fuel shutoff valve, fuel selector has an off position
- fuel is delivered to a carburetor

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What type of braking system is used by the 172?

hydraulically actuated single disc system
master cylinders connected to each of the left seat pilot’s pedals
mechanical linkage from right seat to left seat pilot’s pedals provides braking capability to right seat

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What are the maximum taxi, takeoff, and landing weights?

Max ramp - 2558lbs
takeoff and landing weight - 2550lbs

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What is the maximum baggage capacity?

120lbs

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Explain the pitot-static system.
A. Does the 172 have an alternate static source? If so, how is it activated
and what actions are necessary to obtain the most accurate reading?
B. What instruments are pitot-static?
C. Where are the pitot and static ports located?

A. yes, cabin vents must be closed, cabin heater and cabin air controls must be on
B. ASI, altimeter, VSI
C. under left wing, left side of fuselage

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By memory, be able to recite and write down all of the profiles contained in
this supplement.

Normal Visual - 65 KIAS @ flaps 30
Gusty/Crosswind - 70 + /12 gust factor @ flaps 20
Short/Soft field - 61 KIAS @ flaps 30
No Flap - 70 KIAS @ 1300 RPM until 10 - 20 ft then 65KIAS

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What is the first step in accomplishing a good landing?

plan and brief each landing carefully

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Whenever possible, at what distance from the runway should the traffic
pattern be flown in a single-engine airplane?

at a distance which allows for a power off landing on a safe landing surface

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For training and testing purposes, what speed should the airplane be
flown on short final when landing is assured?

Whatever KIAS the profile dictates

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What is the typical approximate altitude above the landing surface to
begin the roundout (flare)?

10 to 20 feet

At what speed should the touchdown occur in a 172?

minimum controllable airspeed

Define “managing energy”.

process of planning, monitoring and controlling altitude and airspeed targets in relation to the airplane's energy state attain/maintain desired vertical flightpath-airspeed profiles detect, correct and prevent unintentional altitude-airspeed deviations from desired energy state prevent irreversible deceleration/sink rates

After landing, how long should the centerline be maintained?

until taxi speed is reached

After touchdown, what should be done with the aileron controls as the airplane slows? Why?

crosswind control inputs to ensure the upwind wing does not tip the aircraft over

What information should a visual approach briefing include?

flaps setting, runway, field elevation, TPA, aiming point, touchdown point, winds final approach speed and go around criteria

What does an approach briefing accomplish?

solidifies the plan between the instructor and student

Define stabilized approach according to the Airplane Flying Handbook.

establish and maintain constant angle glide path towards a predetermined point on the landing runway

What are the general conditions for a stabilized approach?

Glidepath - constant 3 degree angle to touchdown zone Configured - correct landing configuration Airspeed - +10/- 5 of target airspeed Descent rate - 500 - 1000fpm

What should a pilot do if the general conditions for a stabilized approach don’t exist during an approach? What if an instructor is on board?

go around

What action should be taken if a pilot at 1,000’ AGL maintaining a constant angle glidepath is 10 knots too fast?

pitch for the appropriate air speed and reduce power to maintain glidepath until it is captured once captured, increase power to maintain constant angle descent

While maintaining a stabilized approach, what control input should the pilot use to correct for airspeed deviations, change the pitch or change the power?

change pitch

Define “aiming point” according to the Airplane Flying Handbook.

predetermined point that the aircraft is flown to prior to entering the roundout and flare

While maintaining a stabilized approach, what control input should the pilot use to correct for the aiming point moving up in the windshield, change the pitch or change the power?

power setting

If the aiming point is moving up in the windshield, is the airplane moving lower or higher relative to the constant angle glidepath?

moving lower relative to the glidepath

What does it mean if a pilot flying in level flight has to physically keep the airplane from climbing by applying forward pressure on the yoke?

the aircraft is not properly trimmed

What does it mean if a pilot flying in level flight has to physically keep the airplane from descending by applying aft pressure on the yoke?

aircraft is not properly trimmed

According to Cessna, what is the best flap setting for a normal landing a 172?

30 degrees

How should the approach speed be adjusted for gusty winds?

70 KIAS and add half the gust factor

Calculate the correct approach speed until short final given the following conditions. * Flaps 20˚ * Winds 240 @ 8, gusting to 18

75 KIAS

Why is correctly adjusting the seat position before each flight important?

gives you a consistent and repeatable sight picture when flying the aircraft

When should the pilot get ATIS, brief the approach, and complete the Approach Checklist?

15 miles from airport

Are the power settings listed on the landing profiles exact or approximate?

approximate

Is the aiming point also the touchdown point? If not, what is the difference?

no, the touchdown point is beyond the aiming point. touchdown point is where you intend to be wheels down while the aiming point is the point that the approach is flown to before beginning the roundout and flare

What is the maximum recommended flap setting for crosswinds?

20 degrees

Does ATP recommend the crab method or wing-low sideslip method during a crosswind approach and landing?

wing-low sideslip

When using the wing-low sideslip technique, will left or right rudder be required during a strong right crosswind?

yes

Which control surface, aileron or rudder, corrects for wind drift during a crosswind landing?

aileron

During crosswind landings, which control surface, aileron or rudder longitudinally aligns the airplane with the runway centerline?

rudder

What is the max demonstrated crosswind in the 172?

15 knots, 20 degree flaps

When flying the downwind leg with a strong tailwind, where should the turn to base be started? * At the 45˚ angle to the intended touchdown point * Before reaching the 45° point * After reaching the 45° point

before reaching the 45 point

What control inputs, if any, should the pilot apply after the airplane touches down?

aileron into the wind at taxi speed aft stick pressure for aerodynamic braking

What is the difference between a go-around/missed approach and a rejected landing?

go-around is due to the outcome of a landing becoming unclear missed approach means you did not see the runway/airport environment rejected landing means you have told ATC you are unable to execute the landing (PIC decision)

What are the 3 definitions of night?

Sunset to Sunrise (Navigation Lights): Position lights and anti-collision lights must be on during this period. End of Evening Civil Twilight to Start of Morning Civil Twilight (Logging Night Flight Time): This is the "standard definition of night" and is used for logging night flight time and when an aircraft must be equipped for night flight. One Hour After Sunset to One Hour Before Sunrise (Night Currency): To act as pilot in command (PIC) carrying passengers during this period, a pilot must have made three takeoffs and landings to a full stop during the same period within the preceding 90 days.