CWT 1 Content Flashcards
Explain what constitutes a profession. Basic requirements?
A vocation or occupation characterized by special knowledge and skills applied and dedicated to the improvement of society.
Basic requirements: Ethical Behavior Preparation, Education Continued development, Dedication to public service above personal achievement
Describe the three characteristics of a profession according to Samuel P. Huntington.
Expertise, Responsibility, Corporateness
Differentiate between an institution and an occupation
An institution is legitimated in terms of value and norms, that is, a purpose transcending individual self-interest in favor of a presumed higher good.
An occupation is legitimated in terms of the marketplace. Supply and demand, rather than normative considerations, is paramount.
Explain why the United States has its officers take an oath to support and defend the Constitution.
The officer’s clients are the people of the nation. Because the United States can no longer rely on the security of a force of part-time volunteers, the American people have placed their trust in the professional judgment of military officers. Officers swear to defend the Constitution, national values, and the American way of life. They advise their civil authorities and fight when necessary. According to Matthews, altruism is nowhere stronger than in the military, “where the incentive of a day’s hard work and the chance to be of use stand in stark contrast to the opportunities for enrichment offered by some of the other professions.”
Explain the country’s expectations of its officers.
Patriotism, Honor, Integrity, Loyalty to service above all else, Competence, Self-sacrifice
Differentiate among the Air Force Core Values.
Integrity is the willingness to do what is right, even when no one is looking - adherence to a strong moral code and consistency in one’s actions and values
Service before self - willingness to set aside one‘s needs and to make personal sacrifices
Excellence in all we do - commitment to high standards and an understanding that each Airman has been entrusted with our nation‘s security
Identify the types of pay
Basic Pay. The largest component of your paycheck is basic pay, which varies according to your grade and years of service. (taxable income)
Special Pay. Only individuals who use certain specialized skills, or who are assigned in specified locations, receive special pay. (non-taxable)
Incentive Pay. Individuals required to perform hazardous duties receive incentive pay. While there are other incentive pays available, the most common types include. aviation career incentive pay (ACIP) and hazardous duty incentive pay (HDIP).
Recognize the different types of allowances.
Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH): The Air Force provides you with living quarters, or a basic allowance to find off base housing. If you live in government quarters (family housing), you don’t receive BAH
Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS): This allowance is a fixed monthly rate and is the same for all officers.
Uniform and Equipment Allowance: All officers commissioned in the regular or reserve components are authorized an initial clothing allowance upon initial entry on active duty for a period of more than 90 days
Permanent Change of Station (PCS) Allowance: When a military member permanently moves from one duty location to the next, temporarily moves to participate in an instruction course for more than 20 weeks, or temporarily moves for temporary duty (TDY) for more than 179 days,
Temporary Duty (TDY) Allowance: When a military member’s duty requires him or her to be away from his or her permanent duty station from 1 to 179 days, the Air Force characterizes that move as a TDY and funds only his or her (without dependents) move with specific compensation.
Family Separation Allowance (FSA): This type of allowance is paid to officers and enlisted members for added housing expenses caused by involuntary separation from your dependents.
FSA I compensates you for the extra cost of maintaining quarters in two places and is payable at the single BAH rate for your grade. It’s paid to the military member when stationed outside the Continental United States (CONUS), serving an unaccompanied overseas tour, and the member is living off base.
Family Separation Allowance II: This allowance helps meet expenses such as increased childcare during the military member’s absence. You’ll receive this allowance if you have eligible dependents and are forcibly separated from your family because of a PCS or TDY (of more than 30 consecutive days)
Dislocation Allowance (DLA): A dislocation allowance is also provided to partially reimburse a member for expenses associated with relocating their household, including movement or shipment of a mobile home.
Station Allowances: Finally, there are four allowances collectively known as station allowances, designed to defray the higher expenses of living overseas.
Temporary Lodging Allowance (TLA) and Expense (TLE): A member departing PCS from or arriving PCS at an overseas location may receive a TLA or at a CONUS location may receive a TLE to help defray the cost of temporary lodging required as part of a move between CONUS and OCONUS.
Overseas Housing Allowance (OHA): A member on duty outside the United States may receive a housing allowance consisting of the difference between BAH and the applicable housing cost (including utilities and occupancy expenses) in that area.
Cost-of-Living Allowance (COLA): This allowance is authorized to defray the average excess costs experienced by members in certain high-cost areas (including CONUS and OCONUS), where the average costs of living exceed a certain level above the national average.
Identify the different types of leave a military member can take.
Ordinary Leave: The most common form of leave is a leave of absence granted on the request of a service member for a number of days not to exceed the leave the member has accrued or will accrue during the current fiscal year
Convalescent Leave: Also known as sick leave, this is non-chargeable leave used for the purpose of medical care when your absence is part of a treatment prescribed by a physician or dentist for recuperation and convalescence and when approved by your commander.
Emergency Leave: Emergency leave may be granted when an individual can give evidence that an emergency exists and that granting leave may contribute to alleviation of the emergency. It won’t be 222 Pay, Allowances, and Leave 223 prejudicial to granting of future leave, but it’s charged against present or future accrued leave
Delay En Route: is leave granted in excess of authorized travel time during movements under orders. A delay en route, which must be stated on official orders, may be accrued leave or advance leave.
State how leave is accrued and used.
Leave: The leave section informs the service member of the number of leave days forwarded from the previous fiscal year, the number of days earned and used in the current fiscal year, the current leave balance, number of leave days the member will earn prior to their ETS, leave lost during the previous fiscal year, leave sold since July 14, 1976, (max 60 days), and the number of days’ leave the member is subject to lose if not used by 30 September.
State what the principles of war provide to Airmen
They serve as valuable guides to evaluate potential courses of action. The principles are independent, but tightly fused in application. No one principle should be considered without due consideration of the others. These principles are not all inclusive; the art of developing airpower strategies depends upon the Airman’s ability to view these principles from a three-dimensional perspective and integrate their application accordingly. The principles of war, combined with the additional tenets of airpower discussed elsewhere, provide the basis for a sound and enduring doctrine for the air, space, and cyberspace forces of America’s joint force.
Name the principles of war?
Unity of command, objective, offensive, mass, manuever, economy of force, security, surprise, simplicity.
Define these principles of war: Unity of command, objective, offensive, mass, manuever, economy of force, security, surprise, simplicity.
“Unity of Command” Unity of command ensures concentration of effort for every objective under one responsible commander. This principle emphasizes that all efforts should be directed and coordinated toward a common objective.Coordination may be achieved by cooperation; it is, however, best achieved by vesting a single commander with the authority and the capability to direct all force employment in pursuit of a common objective
“Objective” The principle of objective is to direct military operations toward a defined and attainable objective that contributes to strategic, operational, and tactical aims. In a broad sense, this principle holds that political and military goals should be complementary and clearly articulated
“Offensive” The purpose of an offensive action is to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. The offensive aim is to act rather than react and to dictate the time, place, purpose, scope, intensity, and pace of operations. The initiative should be seized as soon as possible. The principle of the offensive holds that offensive action, or initiative, provides the means for joint forces to dictate operations. Once seized, the initiative should be retained and fully exploited.
“Mass” The purpose of mass is to concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time to achieve decisive results. Concentration of military power is a fundamental consideration in all military operations. At the operational level of war, this principle suggests that superior, concentrated combat power is used to achieve decisive results.
“Manuever” Maneuver places the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the flexible application of combat power in a multidimensional combat space. The principle of maneuver is not limited to simple weapons delivery. Maneuver may involve the strategic positioning of capabilities that bring potential airpower to bear within striking distance of potential or actual adversaries.
“Economy of Force” Economy of force is the judicious employment and distribution of forces. Its purpose is to allocate minimum essential resources to secondary efforts. This principle calls for the rational use of force by selecting the best mix of air, space, and cyberspace capabilities. Economy of force may require a commander to establish a balance in the application of airpower between attacking, defending, delaying, or conducting other operations such as information operations, depending on the importance of the area or the priority of the objective or objectives.
“Security” The purpose of security is to never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage. Friendly forces and their operations should be protected from enemy action that could provide the enemy with unexpected advantage. The lethal consequences of enemy attack make the security of friendly forces a paramount concern. From an Airman’s perspective, security also may be obtained by staying beyond the enemy’s reach, physically and virtually.
“Surprise” Surprise leverages the principle of security by attacking the enemy at a time, place, or in a manner for which they are not prepared. The speed and range of air, space, and cyberspace capabilities, coupled with their flexibility and versatility, allow air forces to achieve surprise more readily than other forces.Surprise is one of airpower’s strongest advantages.
“Simplicity” Simplicity calls for avoiding unnecessary complexity in organizing, preparing, planning, and conducting military operations. Simplicity ensures that guidance, plans, and orders are as simple and direct as the objective allows.
List the tenents of air power (7)
“Centralized Control and Decentralized Execution” Because of airpower’s unique potential to directly affect the strategic and operational levels of war, it should be controlled by a single Airman who maintains the broad, strategic perspective necessary to balance and prioritize the use of a powerful, highly desired yet limited force. A single air component commander, focused on the broader aspects of an operation, can best balance or mediate urgent demands for tactical support against longer-term strategic and operational requirements.Centralized control empowers the air component commander to respond to changes in the operational environment and take advantage of fleeting opportunities, and embodies the tenet of flexibility and versatility. However, it should not become a recipe for micromanagement, stifling the initiative subordinates need to deal with combat’s inevitable uncertainties. Decentralized execution is defined as the “delegation of authority to designated lower-level commanders” As long as a subordinate’s decision supports the superior commander’s intent and meets campaign objectives, subordinates should be allowed to take the initiative during execution.
“Flexibility and Versatility” Flexibility allows airpower to exploit mass and maneuver simultaneously. Flexibility allows airpower to shift from one campaign objective to another, quickly and decisively. Versatility is the ability to employ airpower effectively at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war and provide a wide variety of tasks in concert with other joint force elements
“Synergistic Effects” The proper application of a coordinated force across multiple domains can produce effects that exceed the contributions of forces employed individually.
“Persistence” Air, space, and cyberspace operations may be conducted continuously against a broad spectrum of targets. Airpower’s exceptional speed and range allow its forces to visit and revisit wide ranges of targets nearly at will. Airpower does not have to occupy terrain or remain constantly in proximity to areas of operation to bring force upon targets. Space forces in particular hold the ultimate high ground, and as space systems continue to advance and proliferate, they offer the potential for persistent overhead access; unmanned aircraft systems offer similar possibilities from the atmosphere.
“Concentration” One of the most constant and important trends throughout military history has been the effort to concentrate overwhelming power at the decisive time and place. The principles of mass and economy of force deal directly with concentrating overwhelming power at the right time and the right place (or places). The versatility of airpower with its lethality, speed, and persistence makes it an attractive option for many tasks.
“Priority” Commanders should establish clear priorities for the use of airpower. Due to its inherent flexibility and versatility, the demands for airpower may likely exceed available resources. If commanders fail to establish priorities, they can become ineffective. The principles of mass, offensive, and economy of force, the tenet of concentration, and the Airman’s strategic perspective all apply to prioritizing airpower.
“Balance” Balance is an essential guideline for air commanders. Much of the skill of an air component commander is reflected in the dynamic and correct balancing of the principles of joint operations and the tenets of airpower to bring Air Force capabilities together to produce synergistic effects
Describe Building Partnerships
“Airmen interacting with international airmen … to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security.”
Identify the Air Force definition of culture
“Culture is the creation, maintenance, and transformation across generations of semi-shared patterns of meaning, sense-making, affiliation, action, and organization by groups.
Identify knowledge, skills and attitudes that lead to Cross-Cultural Perspective-Taking
Knowledge of factors that cause persons from other cultures to behave differently
Skills for dealing with culture shock along with effective problem-solving and interpersonal communication skills
Attitude of openness and willingness to learn about and accept cultural differences
Define Cross-Cultural Competence (components)
Airmen should be competent in: Culture, Region, Relevant language
State the three skills of the Air Force Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) Development model
Relate, Communicate, Negotiate.
State the definition of cultural domains
- Family & Kinship
- Sex & Gender
- Sustenance & Health
- Religion & Spirituality
- Political & Social Relations
- Economics & Resources
- History & Myth
- Learning & Knowledge
- Technology & Material
- Aesthetics & Recreation
- Language & Communication
- Time & Space
Recognize examples of cultural domains.
- Family & Kinship: Ties between people who see themselves related by blood or by marriage.
- Sex & Gender: Biological differences between men and women, corresponding roles and responsibilities assigned by society, and associated beliefs and values.
- Sustenance & Health: The means and rituals by which humans feed themselves and treat their bodies.
- Religion & Spirituality: System of ideas about the spiritual reality or the supernatural along with beliefs and ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret and control aspects of the universe.
- Political & Social Relations: Individuals’ differential access to power and the ways groups of people exercise power, govern themselves, and collectively lead their daily lives.
- Economics & Resources: Impact of available resources and ways goods and services are allocated, produced, distributed and consumed in a society.
- History & Myth: The ways people perceive themselves and their culture based on past events and stories passed down generation to generation.
- Learning & Knowledge: Ways society transmits knowledge and cultural expectations to others.
- Technology & Material: How society uses raw materials, equipment, knowledge and skills to transform their natural environment.
- Aesthetics & Recreation: Expressions of cultural norms of beauty or style and the ways people spend their leisure time.
- Language & Communication: Activity of transmitting thoughts, feelings, and information between people.
- Time & Space: How a culture views use of time and personal space (manifested in language and communication).
Identify the three elements of cross-cultural communication
Paralanguage: tone (how we say what we say)
Nonverbals: touch, space, time, movement and gestures
Cultural Context: conditions or circumstances that impact communication
Explain sources of cross-cultural conflict
Values, relationships, data, interests
Define “servant” in terms of being a servant of the nation. (constitution)
an officer makes a voluntary choice to serve the nation, to place the nation’s interests ahead of his or her personal desires.
Describe the relationship between servitude, the Constitution, and our second Core Value of Service Before Self.
Servitude: being completely subject to someone more powerful
The Constitution: The Constitution is our founding document—the backbone of our nation.
Service before self: put service of your nation before your own personal needs
List the rights on which the Declaration of Independence is based.
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed
Explain the purpose, application, and scope of Air Force Doctrine Volume II—Leadership.
Purpose - Establish doctrinal guidance for leadership and force development
Application (Total Force) - Active Duty, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, Civilians
Describe the fundamental elements of Air Force leadership
Mission- objective or task that needs to be accomplished (Why we are here! It is the primary task)
Airmen- execute and accomplish the mission (Heart of the organization; perform the mission)
Summarize the components of Air Force leadership
List Some Leadership Actions
Influence
o Communication
o Motivation
o Standards
o Decisiveness
o Improve Development and Learning
o Accomplish - Enhanced by influence & improvement
Summarize the objective of the Practical Problem Solving Method
Help Airman focus on problem solving mission, workcenters, and people.
Approach aimed at making AF more effective and efficient.
What are the components of the OODA Loop
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act
Explain the Practical Problem Solving Method
Observe: Current situation/Facts/Known/Unknown
Orient: Understand situation/goals
Decide: Select a course of action
Act: Put your plan into action
Identify the steps in the Practical Problem Solving Method. (8)
Clarify the problem
Breakdown problem ID performance gaps
Set improvement target
Determine root cause
Develop countermeasures
See countermeasures thru
Confirm result and process
Standardize successful processes
What are some different Air Force Operations?
Nuclear Operations
Counterair
Counterland
Space Operations
Cyberspace Operations
Command and Control
Global ISR
Strategic Attack
Air Mobility
Personnel Recovery
Combat Support
Special Ops
Define the three levels of Air Force doctrine.
Basic, operational, tactical
Identify the operations associated with the Operations of Counterland.
Counterland:
- Airpower operations against enemy land force capabilities to create effects that achieve joint force commander objectives.
- This is accomplished by two means:
Air Interdiction-Air operations to divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces.”
–Targets for interdiction attacks: Military weapon systems and supplies (tanks/artillery/infantry/POL)
Close Air Support
(dentify the operations associated with the Operations of Air Mobility.
Air Mobility:
The rapid movement or personnel, material, and forces to and from or within a theater by air.
4 types of Air Mobility operations:
Airlift- Operations to transport and deliver forces and material through the air in support of Strategic, operational or tactical objectives
Air Refueling- refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft
Air Mobility Support
Aeromedical Evacuation- provides en route care of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities.
Identify the role of the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff
The President, along with the National Security Council (NSC), determines the security needs of the nation and then takes courses of action to ensure that those are met.
- NSC is chaired by the President.
- in his constitutional role as CINC of the Armed Forces, is the senior military authority in the nation and as such is ultimately responsible for the protection of the United States from all enemies, foreign and domestic.
- appoints Secretary of Defense with advise and consent from Senate.
2. Secretary of Defense-The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) carries out the President’s policies by tasking the military departments, the CJCS, and the unified commands.The only military representative on the President’s cabinet. - a civilian appointee.
- has executive authority.
- The Secretary of Defense is the principal defense policy advisor to the President and is responsible for the formulation of general defense policy and policy related to all matters of direct and primary concern to the DOD, and for the execution of approved policy. Under the direction of the President, the Secretary exercises authority, direction, and control over the DOD.
- assigns the military administration missions (organize, train, and equip) to the military departments and the military operational missions (war fighting) to the unified and specified commands.
3. Joint Chief of Staffs- - not in the operational chain of command
- the communications chain of command and military staff to the unified and specified commanders. The JCS prepares strategic plans and provides for the strategic direction of the Armed Forces. It reviews the plans and programs of unified and specified commands, considers major personnel and logistic requirements of the Armed Forces, and establishes unified doctrine. The JCS is also responsible for the assignment of logistic responsibilities to the military services, the formulation of policies for joint training, and the coordination of military education.
State the role of the Armed Forces Policy Council
advises the Secretary of Defense on matters of broad policy relating to the Armed Forces, considers and reports on any other matters that, in the opinion of the Secretary, need attention.
Define unified command
comprises forces from two or more military services and falls under one commander. Once forces come under a unified command, only the authority of the Secretary of Defense can transfer them
Identify elements of the Full-Range Leadership Model
Recognize examples of cultural domains
List the USAF organizational structure from the President to the flight level
Identify key elements within and related to a typical Air Force Wing structure
Wing
The next step down brings us to the wing. A wing’s mission is to develop and maintain the capability to conduct warfare, or support that conduct. It contains all the elements within its staff structure needed to perform the mission and operate from a base. In other words, the wing is the only echelon of command that is capable of deploying and sustaining itself for an indefinite length of time. The wing commander is usually a brigadier general who is responsible for the entire wing. Under the wing commander, there is a wing staff and four groups (see figure below).
This structure has helped eliminate a lot of waste in the Air Force and increased our warfighting capability. The Air Force has eliminated many of the general officer staff jobs and put the generals back in the field commanding troops. This way, they will be able to directly impact our forces positively.
The wing has four Groups. Groups are flexible units made up of two or more squadrons except in the Air National Guard where the Med Group does not have Squadrons. These groups’ primary functions may be operations, maintenance, mission support, or medical. Colonels command these groups.
Department of the Air Force 69
Under these groups, there could be several Squadrons. Squadrons are the fundamental units in the Air Force. The squadron is the lowest formal echelon of command, and it’s the building block for the entire Air Force. The squadron is responsible for conducting the day- to-day mission for the wing. In addition, the squadron is the lowest echelon of command that can deploy on its own, but it does not have the capability to sustain itself indefinitely like a wing. Squadrons are usually commanded by a lieutenant colonel, but not always.
The final level in the Air Force is the flight. A squadron commander’s span of control is generally limited, and the flight commanders help maintain the squadron’s efficiency.
Other organizations included in the Air Force are direct reporting units and field operating agencies. Direct reporting units (DRU) are subdivisions of the Air Force directly subordinate to the Chief of Staff. Field operating agencies, on the other hand, report to a functional manager because of a unique mission, legal requirements, or other factors.
Whew! I wish my brain was as big as…
Gandy’s biceps (and his ego)
