CVT 103 (Tristyn final notecards)

Question 1

2 planes

Answer 1

transverse: short axis
superior vs. inferior

medial is right of screen on the right side
medial is right of the screen

Question 2

TGC

Answer 2

Time Gain compensation

controls gain @ different depths to compensate for loss of echo strength (attenuation) @ deeper structures
***Try to even out the gray scale throughout the field

Question 3

Imaging:anatomy
Doppler: physiology

Answer 3

a

Question 4

What does plaque look like on the duplex scan?

Answer 4

soft plaque: dark to medium echoes

calcific plaque: acoustic shadowing under plaque formation

Question 5

First Branch off the ICA

Answer 5

opthalmic artery

Question 6

ICA

Answer 6

Internal carotid artery
profuses eyes and brain
Larger than ECA
Lateral and posterior (posterolateral)

Question 7

What 2 arteries are important for re-routing blood supply to brain and eyes if ICA is blocked?

Answer 7

Superficial temporal artery
and
facial arteries

Question 8

First branch off ECA

Answer 8

superior thyroid

Question 9

ECA

Answer 9

External carotid Artery
profuses face and scalp
smaller than ICA (contains branches)
medial and anterior (anteromedial)

Question 10

Common Carotid

Answer 10

Arises off the aorta on the left, bifurcates on the right from the innominate

CCA turns into ICA and ECA @ about the level of the the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

*Brain is perfused by 2 carotids and 2 vertebral arteries

Question 11

Opthalmic Arteries

Answer 11

Arise just proximal to the circle of willis

opthalmic artery is the first branch off the ICA

Question 12

Endarterectomy

Answer 12

procedure to remove plaque deposits out of carotids

Question 13

most common stroke causes

Answer 13

most strokes are caused by atheromatous plaque @ the carotid bifurcation

Question 14

Sagittal

Answer 14

Long axis

Left vs. right

Question 15

Transverse

Answer 15

short axis
superior vs inferior

distal (notch) of probe: towards right shoulder proximal probe: left

Medial is to the right on the right
medial is to the left on the left

Question 16

How to learn probe ergonomics

Answer 16

Like learning a musical instrument: repitition!

program the neural pathways

Tension is noise in the system
DO not program tension!

Question 17

Probe movements

Answer 17

Angling -sweeping across axis
- left to right (sagittal) 
- up and down (transverse
Rotating-turning around axis
-turning around axis (sagittal and transverse)
Rocking-rock along its axis
-up and down (sagittal) 
-left to right for sagittal
Sliding- move across skin
-left to right in sagittal
-up and down for transverse

Question 18

Screen orientation in transverse

Answer 18

Look for the thyroid
top is superficial, bottom is deep
PT Right screen is Right Lateral, Left Medial
PT Left screen is Right for Medial, Left is Lateral