CVS review Sessions 6+ Flashcards
What do all ace inhibitors end in
Pril
Angiotensin receptor blockers are indicated only with
Failed treatment of ACE inhibitor
What is amiodarone
Potassium channel blocker
3 indicators for beta blockers
Heart failure
Supraventricular tachycardia
Post MI
Examples of calcium channel blockers
Verapamil and diltiazem
What are the effects of ACE inhibitors
Reduce aldosterone and ADH release
Common anti arrhythmic drugs
Calcium channel blockers and sodium channel blockers
How do nitrates work
Cause vasodilation and lowers preload
Treatment for wolf Parkinson white syndrome
Potassium channel blocker, increases absolute refractory period
Examples of beta blockers
Atenolol and bisoprolol
What does lidocaine do
Block sodium channels after they have depolarised once to prevent early depolarisation
Which drug should be given to someone who is tachycardic
Digoxin - cardiac glycoside
Which muscles have highest capillary density
Postural muscles e.g. erector spinae
Which set of leads look at the left anterior descending artery
Septal leads V1 and V2
which leads look at the lateral aspect of the heart
1, aVL, V5 and V6
Which leads look at the right coronary artery
Anterior V3 and V4
Inferior II, III and aVF
which leads look at the anterior portion of the heart
V3 and V4
Which leads look at the circumflex
I, aVL, V5 andV6
Lateral leads
first sign of hypokalaemia on ECG
Low t wave, then high u wave,then st depression
What is torsades de pointes
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, state of v fib but QRS all look v different. Long QT interval
How does atrial flutter present and what is it
Saw tooth baseline, re-entry loop in atria
Why does skin go darker with thrombophlebitis as a complication of varicose veins
Macrophages oxidise iron from red blood cells that have leaked from the blood vessels. This oxidation causes the iron to rust under the skin which stains it
All pulses absent in lower limb
Common iliac artery
Only femoral pulse present in lower limb
Superficial femoral artery
What can precipitate an angina attac
Exercise, eating, stress, cold, emotions
What persists after recovery following STEMI
Pathological Q wave
Which chamber can compress oesophagus when dilated
Left atrium
On which side of the heart are murmurs heard more loudly on inspiration
Right side
Decreased pressure in chest which increases cardiac return to right atrium
What are you listening to in murmurs
Turbulent blood flow
Which valve is best heard on left side, in 4th intercostal space on lower left sternal border
Tricuspid valve
An Ejection fracture over what is considered normal
50%
Duration of 1 small square
40ms
Activation of which neurotransmitter receptor type on SA node cells is primarily responsible for speeding up the rate of action potential firing
Beta 1 adrenoreceptor
Alpha 1 and M2 slow down AP firing
What ion channels are primarily responsible for the slow pace maker potential in cells of the sinoatrial node
HCN channels
If
funny current
What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cells of the Sino atrial node
L type calcium channels
What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the ventricular action potential
Voltage gated sodium channels
Name the Venous drainage channel in the heart which receives blood from the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
