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CVS > CVS review Sessions 6+ > Flashcards

CVS review Sessions 6+ Flashcards

1
Q

What do all ace inhibitors end in

A

Pril

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2
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers are indicated only with

A

Failed treatment of ACE inhibitor

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3
Q

What is amiodarone

A

Potassium channel blocker

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4
Q

3 indicators for beta blockers

A

Heart failure
Supraventricular tachycardia
Post MI

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5
Q

Examples of calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil and diltiazem

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6
Q

What are the effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Reduce aldosterone and ADH release

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7
Q

Common anti arrhythmic drugs

A

Calcium channel blockers and sodium channel blockers

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8
Q

How do nitrates work

A

Cause vasodilation and lowers preload

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9
Q

Treatment for wolf Parkinson white syndrome

A

Potassium channel blocker, increases absolute refractory period

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10
Q

Examples of beta blockers

A

Atenolol and bisoprolol

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11
Q

What does lidocaine do

A

Block sodium channels after they have depolarised once to prevent early depolarisation

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12
Q

Which drug should be given to someone who is tachycardic

A

Digoxin - cardiac glycoside

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13
Q

Which muscles have highest capillary density

A

Postural muscles e.g. erector spinae

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14
Q

Which set of leads look at the left anterior descending artery

A

Septal leads V1 and V2

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15
Q

which leads look at the lateral aspect of the heart

A

1, aVL, V5 and V6

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16
Q

Which leads look at the right coronary artery

A

Anterior V3 and V4

Inferior II, III and aVF

17
Q

which leads look at the anterior portion of the heart

A

V3 and V4

18
Q

Which leads look at the circumflex

A

I, aVL, V5 andV6

Lateral leads

19
Q

first sign of hypokalaemia on ECG

A

Low t wave, then high u wave,then st depression

20
Q

What is torsades de pointes

A

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, state of v fib but QRS all look v different. Long QT interval

21
Q

How does atrial flutter present and what is it

A

Saw tooth baseline, re-entry loop in atria

22
Q

Why does skin go darker with thrombophlebitis as a complication of varicose veins

A

Macrophages oxidise iron from red blood cells that have leaked from the blood vessels. This oxidation causes the iron to rust under the skin which stains it

23
Q

All pulses absent in lower limb

A

Common iliac artery

24
Q

Only femoral pulse present in lower limb

A

Superficial femoral artery

25
Q

What can precipitate an angina attac

A

Exercise, eating, stress, cold, emotions

26
Q

What persists after recovery following STEMI

A

Pathological Q wave

27
Q

Which chamber can compress oesophagus when dilated

A

Left atrium

28
Q

On which side of the heart are murmurs heard more loudly on inspiration

A

Right side

Decreased pressure in chest which increases cardiac return to right atrium

29
Q

What are you listening to in murmurs

A

Turbulent blood flow

30
Q

Which valve is best heard on left side, in 4th intercostal space on lower left sternal border

A

Tricuspid valve

31
Q

An Ejection fracture over what is considered normal

A

50%

32
Q

Duration of 1 small square

A

40ms

33
Q

Activation of which neurotransmitter receptor type on SA node cells is primarily responsible for speeding up the rate of action potential firing

A

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor

Alpha 1 and M2 slow down AP firing

34
Q

What ion channels are primarily responsible for the slow pace maker potential in cells of the sinoatrial node

A

HCN channels
If
funny current

35
Q

What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cells of the Sino atrial node

A

L type calcium channels

36
Q

What ion channels are responsible for the upstroke of the ventricular action potential

A

Voltage gated sodium channels

37
Q

Name the Venous drainage channel in the heart which receives blood from the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

CVS (7 decks)

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