CVS Overview Flashcards
what is the circulatory system?
organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
what does the cardiovascular system consist of?
heart, blood vessels, blood, lymphatic system
what does the pulmonary circulation carry and where to?
oxygen depleted blood and it passes from heart to lungs, returns oxygenated blood to heart
what does the systemic circulation carry and where to?
oxygen rich blood, passes from heart to rest of body, returns deoxygenated blood to heart
what is the mediastinum?
where the heart sits
what does the superior mediastinum contain?
thymus, aorta, blood vessels going into the lungs
what does the middle mediastinum contain?
fat and heart
what does the posterior mediastinum contain?
oesophagus
what is the pericardium and what does it do?
fibrous tissue surrounding the heart, holds everything in place and provides an anchor
what does the serous fluid do?
ensure heart doesn’t rib against pericardium when beating, reduces friction
what is the myocardium?
muscle
what does the superior vena cava do?
drains blood from all upper body to heart
what does the inferior vena cava do?
brings all blood below the heart to the heart
what direction does the blood flow into?
right atria - right ventricle - lungs - left atrium - left ventricle
where does the umbilical vein go?
from the belly button to the heart through the anterior abdominal wall and to the liver
what does the ductus venosus do?
defects about 50% of blood straight away from the liver to the heart
what is the foramen ovale?
hole between right and left atrium
what is the ductus arteriosus?
allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk to aorta around the body
why do the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus shut when a baby cries?
because air is rushing into the lungs and the pressure is massively increasing
why are coronary arteries described as end arteries?
they supply one specific tissue and if the artery is blocked the tissue dies
when the foramen ovale shuts what does it become?
the fossa ovalis
what is the orifice of coronary sinus?
the venous drainage of the heart
what does the musculi pectinati do?
increases the blood flow in the heart
what are the chordae tendindae?
heart strings which are joined onto capillary muscles and ensure the blood doesnt go in the opposite way in the heart
why is the left ventricle thicker?
it needs to pump blood through the entire body
what does a ventricular septal defect cause?
a mixing of blood
what does an atrioventricular septal defect mean?
blood goes everywhere between atria and ventricles and cardiac surgery is needed straight away due to the mixing of blood
what causes an atrioventricular septal defect?
incomplete closure of the foramen ovale
what are the 4 heart valves called?
pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
what does the LUB sound of the heart indicate?
loud noise due to closure of atrioventricular valves at the time of ventricular systole
what does the DUB sound of the heart indicate?
softer sound due to closure of the semilunar valves at the time of atrial systole
what is atrial fibrillation?
rapid, irregular contraction of different parts of the atria
what is ventricular fibrillation?
rapid, irregular contraction of the ventricles
what does systole cause?
expansion of arterial walls
what is arterial flow regulated by?
varying diameter of capillaries
what are the 3 layers of the heart?
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia
where is the tunica intima?
direct contact with blood
what is the tunica media?
elastic fibres, and smooth muscle fibres
where is the tunica adventitia?
supporting tissue on outer side
what arteries are elastic?
aorta, common carotid, subclavian and pulmonary arteries
what arteries are muscular?
radial, femoral, coronary, cerebral
what are arterioles?
terminal branches supplying capillary bed
