CVS Overview

Question 1

what is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients

Question 2

what does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 2

heart, blood vessels, blood, lymphatic system

Question 3

what does the pulmonary circulation carry and where to?

Answer 3

oxygen depleted blood and it passes from heart to lungs, returns oxygenated blood to heart

Question 4

what does the systemic circulation carry and where to?

Answer 4

oxygen rich blood, passes from heart to rest of body, returns deoxygenated blood to heart

Question 5

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 5

where the heart sits

Question 6

what does the superior mediastinum contain?

Answer 6

thymus, aorta, blood vessels going into the lungs

Question 7

what does the middle mediastinum contain?

Answer 7

fat and heart

Question 8

what does the posterior mediastinum contain?

Answer 8

oesophagus

Question 9

what is the pericardium and what does it do?

Answer 9

fibrous tissue surrounding the heart, holds everything in place and provides an anchor

Question 10

what does the serous fluid do?

Answer 10

ensure heart doesn’t rib against pericardium when beating, reduces friction

Question 11

what is the myocardium?

Answer 11

muscle

Question 12

what does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 12

drains blood from all upper body to heart

Question 13

what does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 13

brings all blood below the heart to the heart

Question 14

what direction does the blood flow into?

Answer 14

right atria - right ventricle - lungs - left atrium - left ventricle

Question 15

where does the umbilical vein go?

Answer 15

from the belly button to the heart through the anterior abdominal wall and to the liver

Question 16

what does the ductus venosus do?

Answer 16

defects about 50% of blood straight away from the liver to the heart

Question 17

what is the foramen ovale?

Answer 17

hole between right and left atrium

Question 18

what is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 18

allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk to aorta around the body

Question 19

why do the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus shut when a baby cries?

Answer 19

because air is rushing into the lungs and the pressure is massively increasing

Question 20

why are coronary arteries described as end arteries?

Answer 20

they supply one specific tissue and if the artery is blocked the tissue dies

Question 21

when the foramen ovale shuts what does it become?

Answer 21

the fossa ovalis

Question 22

what is the orifice of coronary sinus?

Answer 22

the venous drainage of the heart

Question 23

what does the musculi pectinati do?

Answer 23

increases the blood flow in the heart

Question 24

what are the chordae tendindae?

Answer 24

heart strings which are joined onto capillary muscles and ensure the blood doesnt go in the opposite way in the heart

Question 25

why is the left ventricle thicker?

Answer 25

it needs to pump blood through the entire body

Question 26

what does a ventricular septal defect cause?

Answer 26

a mixing of blood

Question 27

what does an atrioventricular septal defect mean?

Answer 27

blood goes everywhere between atria and ventricles and cardiac surgery is needed straight away due to the mixing of blood

Question 28

what causes an atrioventricular septal defect?

Answer 28

incomplete closure of the foramen ovale

Question 29

what are the 4 heart valves called?

Answer 29

pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve

Question 30

what does the LUB sound of the heart indicate?

Answer 30

loud noise due to closure of atrioventricular valves at the time of ventricular systole

Question 31

what does the DUB sound of the heart indicate?

Answer 31

softer sound due to closure of the semilunar valves at the time of atrial systole

Question 32

what is atrial fibrillation?

Answer 32

rapid, irregular contraction of different parts of the atria

Question 33

what is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 33

rapid, irregular contraction of the ventricles

Question 34

what does systole cause?

Answer 34

expansion of arterial walls

Question 35

what is arterial flow regulated by?

Answer 35

varying diameter of capillaries

Question 36

what are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 36

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 37

where is the tunica intima?

Answer 37

direct contact with blood

Question 38

what is the tunica media?

Answer 38

elastic fibres, and smooth muscle fibres

Question 39

where is the tunica adventitia?

Answer 39

supporting tissue on outer side

Question 40

what arteries are elastic?

Answer 40

aorta, common carotid, subclavian and pulmonary arteries

Question 41

what arteries are muscular?

Answer 41

radial, femoral, coronary, cerebral

Question 42

what are arterioles?

Answer 42

terminal branches supplying capillary bed