Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS1 Cardiovascular System > CVS Overview > Flashcards

CVS Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A
  • Organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients etc around the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different components of the CVS?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • Blood
  • Lymphatic system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation?

A
  • Oxygen depleted blood
  • Passes from heart to lungs
  • Return oxygenated blood to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the systemic circulation?

A
  • Oxygen rich blood
  • Passes from heart to rest of the body
  • Return deoxygenated blood to heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Everything in the chest apart from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 parts of the mediastinum?

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tough fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the fluid between the outer layer and inner layer of pericardial tissue found in?

A

The pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the middle layer of tissue around the heart called?

A

Myocardium (muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the inner layer of the tissue around the heart called?

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will drain into the superior vena cava?

A

Anything above the level of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will drain into the inferior vena cava?

A

Anything below the level of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk do?

A

Splits into right and left pulmonary artery - takes deoxygenated blood away from heart to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A
  • Found in the foetal circulation
  • Diverts blood away from the liver
  • Takes about 50% of mothers blood away from the liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A
  • Hole in the foetus which bypasses the lungs

- Takes blood straight from the right atrium to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does the clinical team want to hear a baby cry when it is delivered?

A

As the ductus venosus immediately closes so air goes into the lungs - large amount of blood goes into left side of the heart and the foramen ovale closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What blood vessels supply blood to the heart tissue?

A

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are trabeculae carinae inside the heart?

A

Muscular, columnar protrusions found on the inside surface of the ventricles, the main pumping chambers of the heart. It is thought that they help prevent suction that would occur with a smooth surface. Some trabeculae also act as a type of connective tissue, to help bind the hearts muscle together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are chordae tendinea?

A

Heart strings - hold things down in place so valve doesn’t pop up backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the possible septal defects of the heart?

A
  • Interventricular/ interatrial septum (septum = a wall or partition dividing a body space or cavity)
  • ‘hole in the heart’
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Atrioventricular septal defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a ‘hole in the heart’?

A

A defect of the heart in which there is an abnormal opening in any of the walls dividing the 4 heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can cause an atrial septal defect?

A
  • Incomplete closure of the foramen ovale
  • So hole in the heart - blood goes from left side into right side and puts right side of the heart into increased pressure so doesn’t pump as effectively as it should
  • Larger defects result in hypertrophy of the RA and RV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Enlargement of a tissue or organ entirely by enlargement of existing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What category of the population tend to have more problems with heart defects?

A

People with down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the name for the right atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricuspid valve

26
Q

What is the name for the left atrioventricular valve?

A

Bicuspid valve

27
Q

What are the names of the valves that are not the bi or tricuspid valves?

A

The semilunar valves

28
Q

What are the 2 sounds of the heart?

A
  • Lub

- Dub

29
Q

What is the ‘lub’ sound of the heart?

A
  • Loud noise due to the closure of the atrioventricular valves at the time of VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
30
Q

What is the ‘dub’ sound of the heart?

A
  • Softer sound due to the closure of the semilunar valves at the time of ATRIAL SYSTOLE
31
Q

What is the process of blood flow in the heart through the different chambers?

A
  1. Blood returning to the heart fills atria, putting pressure against the atrioventricular valves; which forces the valves open
  2. As ventricles fill, atrioventricular valve flaps hand limply into ventricles
  3. Atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles
  4. Then the ventricles contract, forcing blood against the atrioventricular valve cusps
  5. Atrioventricular valves close
  6. Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from entering into atria
  7. As ventricles contract and interventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open
  8. As ventricles relax and interventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of the semilunar valves and forcing them to close
32
Q

What is infective endocarditis?

A

The inner layer of the heart becoming infected/inflamed

33
Q

What is the most common form of infective endocarditis?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

34
Q

Where does subacute bacterial endocarditis occur?

A

On the rheumatic or congenitally abnormal valves (have to give antibiotics before any dental procedure)

35
Q

What can subacute bacterial endocarditis affect?

A

Prosthetic valves

36
Q

What can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A
  • Many organisms e.g. Streptococcus viridans/ Staphylococcus aureus
  • Can be a result of a dental abscess
37
Q

What can also be present if a patient is suffering from subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

A murmur can be present due to valvular vegetations (Vegetation = a blood clot initiated by infection of the structure involved)

38
Q

What does the L and R coronary artery supply?

A

Supply blood to the heart

39
Q

What are the veins that drain the blood from the heart?

A
  • Small cardiac vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Anterior cardiac vein
  • Coronary sinus
40
Q

Coronary arteries are ‘end arteries’. What does this mean?

A

Arteries that are the only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue

41
Q

What is meant by ‘ischaemia’?

A
  • An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
42
Q

What is meant by ‘collateral circulation’?

A
  • An accessory blood pathway developed through enlargement of secondary vessels after the obstruction of a main channel
43
Q

What does ischemia in the heart result in?

A

Collateral circulation

44
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Chest pain related to CAD (coronary artery disease) as it is resulting from decreased blood supply to the heart muscle (ischaemia)

45
Q

What is infarction?

A
  • Death of tissue (worst case scenario)
  • L coronary artery tends to be more affected:
  • Anterior IV branch of LCA (40%-50%)
  • RCA (30%-40%)
  • Circumflex branch of LCA (15%-20%)
46
Q

What are the different types of coronary artery bypasses?

A
  • Internal mammary artery bypass

- Saphenous vein bypass

47
Q

What is used in a saphenous vein bypass?

A

Longest vein in the body which runs from ankle to groin

- Can be used for people that require more than one or two bypasses

48
Q

What are Purkinje fibres?

A

Specialised muscle fibres found in the heart. They originate at the atrioventricular bundle and extend into the ventricles. Their function is to relay impulses from the bundle to the ventricles, causing a contraction

49
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A
  • Rapid, irregular contraction of different parts of the atria
50
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A
  • Rapid, irregular contraction of the ventricles
  • Not compatible with systemic and coronary circulation
  • Most disorganised form of dysrhythmia, and leads to cardiac arrest
51
Q

What is a dysrhythmia?

A

Rhythm isn’t normal - abnormal cardiac rhythm

52
Q

What does systole mean?

A

Contraction

53
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

Relaxation

54
Q

What does systole cause?

A

Expansion of atrial walls

55
Q

What maintains arterial blood pressure during diastole?

A

Recoil

56
Q

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?

A
  • Tunica intima: Intimately associated with blood and fluid (variable thickness)
  • Tunica media: elastic muscle fibres
  • Tunica adventitia: Outer layer of blood vessels
57
Q

What are examples of elastic arteries?

A
  • Aorta
  • Common carotid
  • Subclavian
  • Pulmonary arteries
58
Q

What are examples of muscular arteries?

A
  • Radial
  • Femoral
  • Coronary
  • Cerebral
59
Q

What are arterioles?

A
  • Terminal branches supplying capillary bed
60
Q

What Is the venous system?

A
  • Low pressure collecting system (less elastic and muscle fibres)
  • Passive movement down a pressure gradient (has to get shoved along)
  • Negative pressure in chest on inspiration
61
Q

What does skeletal muscle act as in venous system of the lower limbs?

A

A muscular pump

62
Q

What is resent in the veins of the lower limbs to prevent backflow of blood?

A

Valves

BDS1 Cardiovascular System (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions