Cvs Harc 1 Flashcards
What are the layers of arteries or veins?
• Tunica externa
• Tunica media
• Tunica intima
Tunica externa is thick in veins for support; tunica media is thick in arteries due to elastic fibers and smooth muscle presence.
What are the branches of the ascending aorta?
• Coronary arteries
There are 2 branches from the ascending aorta.
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
• Brachiocephalic artery
• Left common carotid artery
• Left subclavian artery
The brachiocephalic artery further divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries.
Where does the common carotid bifurcate?
At C4
The carotid body, a chemoreceptor, is located here.
What are the branches of the external carotid artery (ECA)?
• Superior thyroid artery
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Lingual artery
• Facial artery
• Occipital artery
• Posterior auricular artery
• Maxillary artery
• Superficial temporal artery
Some anatomists may find the branch variations confusing for medical students.
What is the blood supply to the thoracic wall?
• Internal thoracic artery
• Thoracic aorta
The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries wrap around and anastomose.
What branches come from the abdominal aorta?
• Coeliac trunk
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Inferior mesenteric artery
• Inferior phrenic artery
• Renal arteries
• Gonadal arteries
• Common iliac arteries
The common iliac arteries bifurcate at L4.
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Most common between renal and common iliac arteries
AAA is a significant health concern.
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
• Vertebral artery
• Thyrocervical trunk
• Costocervical trunk
• Internal thoracic artery
The thyrocervical trunk has branches including inferior thyroid, ascending and transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries.
What are the trunks of the internal iliac artery?
• Posterior trunk
• Anterior trunk
The posterior trunk branches include iliolumbar, superior gluteal, and lateral sacral arteries.
What supplies the anterior abdominal wall?
• Superior epigastric artery
• Inferior epigastric artery
• Superficial circumflex artery
• Superficial epigastric artery
The superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose with each other.
What is Hesslebach’s triangle?
Site of direct inguinal hernias
The borders are the inferior epigastric artery, inguinal ligament, and rectus abdominis.
What is CABG?
Coronary artery bypass grafts
Bilateral internal thoracic arteries are often used in CABG procedures.
What blood vessels could be cut in the abdominal/thoracic wall during surgery?
_______
This question prompts consideration of surgical risks related to these vascular structures.
