CVS Anatomy 2

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of a muscular artery?

Answer 1

tunica adventita/externa, media and intima

Question 2

What is the structure of the heart wall?

Answer 2

same as muscular artery - t. adventita, media and intima.

Question 3

What is the tunica intima of the heart wall?

Answer 3

the endocardium. lines chambers and forms valves

Question 4

What is the tunica media of the heart wall?

Answer 4

forms myocardium. thick and has cardiac muscle branching fibres, and intercalated discs. all features of cardiac muscle

Question 5

What is the tunica externa/adventita of the heart wall?

Answer 5

epicardium. simple squamous epithelium, it is the visceral pericardium. cant be separated.

Question 6

What are 3 types of arteries?

Answer 6

elastic, muscular, arterioles

Question 7

What are some elastic arteries?

Answer 7

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid

Question 8

What are some muscular arteries?

Answer 8

radial, femoral, coronary

Question 9

what is significant about elastic arteries?

Answer 9

stretched during systole to maintain pressure. slowly recoil during diastole. has many elastic fibres in t.media

Question 10

what is significant about muscular arteries?

Answer 10

controls distribution of blood to arterioles. has more smooth muscle cells and no elastic lamina in t.media - only in 2 thin layers around t.externa

Question 11

What is the structure of an arteriole?

Answer 11

only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in t.media. no elastic lamina. has no t.externa. rich sympathetic nerve innervation

Question 12

What is the structure of a capillary?

Answer 12

no t.externa or media - just interna.

Question 13

How do capillaries contract and what is their pressure?

Answer 13

has pericytes muscles around them which contract them.
low pressure

Question 14

What are 3 forms capillaries come in?

Answer 14

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous/sinusoid

Question 15

What is an example of continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous/sinusoid capillay?

Answer 15

BBB, kidney, liver. respectively.

Question 16

What is found in the t.intima of sinusoid capillaries? why?

Answer 16

many phagocytic cells as a lot of exchange occurs here and thus unwanted objects needs to be prevented from entering the blood.

Question 17

What is an arteriovenous AV shunt and when is it used?

Answer 17

bypasses capillary beds. used in skin to avoid heat loss. limits gas exchange.

Question 18

What is the structure of veins and venules?

Answer 18

thin t. externa, media and interna.

Question 19

What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

Answer 19

superficial have thick walls and no surrounding support. deep have thin walls and are supported by muscle and deep fascia. superficial drain into deep.

Question 20

Where does lymph drain and where are nodes found?

Answer 20

drains into venous system. nodes are found alongside major veins and at the origins of major arteries

Question 21

capillary vs lymph capillary?

Answer 21

lymph capillaries are blind ended.

same single cell structure.

No RBC’s in their lumen.

have fine collagenous filaments attached to outer connective tissue to keep lumen open.