CVS Anatomy 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of a muscular artery?
tunica adventita/externa, media and intima
What is the structure of the heart wall?
same as muscular artery - t. adventita, media and intima.
What is the tunica intima of the heart wall?
the endocardium. lines chambers and forms valves
What is the tunica media of the heart wall?
forms myocardium. thick and has cardiac muscle branching fibres, and intercalated discs. all features of cardiac muscle
What is the tunica externa/adventita of the heart wall?
epicardium. simple squamous epithelium, it is the visceral pericardium. cant be separated.
What are 3 types of arteries?
elastic, muscular, arterioles
What are some elastic arteries?
aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid
What are some muscular arteries?
radial, femoral, coronary
what is significant about elastic arteries?
stretched during systole to maintain pressure. slowly recoil during diastole. has many elastic fibres in t.media
what is significant about muscular arteries?
controls distribution of blood to arterioles. has more smooth muscle cells and no elastic lamina in t.media - only in 2 thin layers around t.externa
What is the structure of an arteriole?
only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in t.media. no elastic lamina. has no t.externa. rich sympathetic nerve innervation
What is the structure of a capillary?
no t.externa or media - just interna.
How do capillaries contract and what is their pressure?
has pericytes muscles around them which contract them.
low pressure
What are 3 forms capillaries come in?
continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous/sinusoid
What is an example of continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous/sinusoid capillay?
BBB, kidney, liver. respectively.
What is found in the t.intima of sinusoid capillaries? why?
many phagocytic cells as a lot of exchange occurs here and thus unwanted objects needs to be prevented from entering the blood.
What is an arteriovenous AV shunt and when is it used?
bypasses capillary beds. used in skin to avoid heat loss. limits gas exchange.
What is the structure of veins and venules?
thin t. externa, media and interna.
What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?
superficial have thick walls and no surrounding support. deep have thin walls and are supported by muscle and deep fascia. superficial drain into deep.
Where does lymph drain and where are nodes found?
drains into venous system. nodes are found alongside major veins and at the origins of major arteries
capillary vs lymph capillary?
lymph capillaries are blind ended.
same single cell structure.
No RBC’s in their lumen.
have fine collagenous filaments attached to outer connective tissue to keep lumen open.
