CVS Flashcards
Gold standard for diagnosing Cor pulmonale
Catheterization: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure
_______ is used to diagnose suspected renal artery stenosis or suspected renovascular disease
captopril enhanced radionuclide renal scan
CHA2 DS2 VASc score used for
atrial fibrillation
______ lowers the rate of recurrent pericarditis
colchicine
Acute pericarditis treatment
1st line:
2nd line:
1st line: NSAIDs/Colchicine
2nd line: Prednisone
Maximal heartrate in sinus tachycardia can be determined by _____
(beats/min = 220 - age)
Atrial flutter origin
atrial flutter involves a reentrant circuit around tricuspid annulus, with slowing of impulse through a region known as cavotricuspid isthmus.
Diagnosis of vasovagal syncope is _____
In uncertain cases _____
Clinical
• upright tilt table testing
Symptoms of vasovagal syncope improves with
supine position with legs raised
Immediate defibrillation required in?
VF
pulseless VT
Synchronized cardioversion required in?
persistent, narrow or wide QRS complex tachyarrythmias (A Fib, A flut, VT with a pulse) causing hemodynamic instability
comotio cordis
athletes without prior cardiac condition can develop fatal ventricular fib after sudden blunt chest trauma
Arrhythmia diagnostic of digoxin toxicity:
Atrial tachycardia with AV block
_____ is useful in the management of cocaine induced coronary vasospasm.
Benzodiazepines
Guidelines for PCI in acute STEMI
• within 12 hours of symptoms onset
• within 90 mins from medical contact to device time at PCI-capable facility
OR
• within 120 minutes from first medical contact to device at a non-PCI-capable facility
Mechanism of periinfarction ventricular arrythmias:
within 10 mins: immediate or phase 1a → reentrant arrhythmias
within 10-60 mins: delayed or phase 1b arrhythmias → abnormal automaticity
Treatment of cholesterol crystal embolism
- Supportive
* Reinforces use of statin therapy
cholesterol crystal embolism vs dye induced nephropathy
cholesterol crystal embolism: persistent renal failure >2 weeks
DYE INDUCED: resolves in <1 week (begins to resolve within 3-5 days)
Treatment of Peripheral artery disease
Supervised graded exercise + low grade asprin + statins
Smoking cessation, aggressive DM control (HbA1c<7) and BP control
heparin vs warfarin in PAD?
heparin in acute
warfarin has no role in chronic management of PAD
treatment of peri-infarction pericarditis and contraindication?
Supportive, Acetaminophen for pain
avoid NSAIDs/ steroids for 7 days to avoid risk of free wall rupture
PIP is best prevented by?
early coronary reperfusion
patient presenting in the emergency department with chest pain and suspected ACS should be administered ______ as soon as possible.
Asprin
Treatment of
STEMI
NSTEMI
STEMI: Emergency catheterization or thrombolysis
NSTEMI: appropriate anticoagulation
INR for mechanical aortic valve
2-3
treatment of pericarditis?
temporary:
Refractory:
Temporary relief: diuretics
Refractory: pericardiectomy
Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma present with _____ after _____ years.
constrictive pericarditis
10 - 20 years
Treatment of WPW syndrome
Contraindication:
hemodynamically unstable: immediate electrical cardioversion
stable: RYTHM control (ibutilide/ procainamide)
Contraindication: rythm control
1st degree heart block management:
Normal QRS complex: Observation
Broad QRS complex: Electrophysiologic testing to determine the site of conduction delay
Importance of vagal maneuvers in AV block:
Determine the level of block as they have affect on AV node but no effect on the bundle of His
Coronary artery typically involved.
Papillary muscle rupture:
interventricular septum defect:
PMR: RCA
IVSD: LAD-apical. RCA-basal
