CVS

Question 1

what are the inflow valves?

Answer 1

tricuspid (R) and mitral (L)

Question 2

what are the outflow valves?

Answer 2

pulmonary and aortic

Question 3

what are the first branches of the aorta?

Answer 3

R & L coronary arteries

Question 4

define systole

Answer 4

period when myocardium is contracting

Question 5

define diastole

Answer 5

period of relaxation between contractions

Question 6

define the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

atrial contraction
isovolumetric contraction
rapid ejection 
reduced ejection
isovolumetric relaxation
rapid filling
reduced filling

Question 7

what is stroke volume

Answer 7

EDV- ESV ( ~ 70-80 ml)

Question 8

define stenosis

Answer 8

valve does not open enough

obstruction to blood flow when valve normally open

Question 9

define regurgitation

Answer 9

valve does not close all the way

back leakage when valve should be closed

Question 10

what are three causes of aortic valve stenosis ?

Answer 10

degenerative- senile calcification/ fibrosis
congenital- bicuspid form of valve
chronic rheumatic fever (strep cocci) - inflammation

Question 11

what are two causes of aortic valve regurgitation?

Answer 11

aortic root dilation- leaflets pulled apart

valvular damage- endocarditis rheumatic fever

Question 12

what is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis?

Answer 12

rheumatic fever- commissural fusion of valve leaflets

more difficult for blood to flow LA -> LV

Question 13

what determines preload

Answer 13

ventricles connected to veins

venous pressure determines end diastolic stretch= preload on myocardium

Question 14

what determines after load

Answer 14

systole
ventricles isolated from veins - connected to arteries
therefore the force necessary to expel blood into arteries