CVS Flashcards
3 main functions of blood
Transportation, protection, regulation
What are the 3 components of blood?
55% Plasma, 1%buffy coat, 44% solids e.g. erythrocytes
components of blood plasma?
90% water, 10% soluble components e.g. plasma proteins (Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), nutrients, gases, electrolytes and metabolic wastes
What is Haematopoiesis and where does it occur?
Formation of new blood cells found within red bone marrow
What type of cell differentiates in the bone marrow to make blood cells?
Multipotent haematopoietic stem cells/Hemocytoblasts
what are the 3 different pathways in which a Hemocytoblast can differentiate?
Thrombocytosis - Formation of platelets
Erythropoiesis - Formation of red blood cells
Leucopoiesis - Formation of white blood cells
What is found in the buffy coats of blood?
WBC’s, leucocytes + platelets
Granulocytes?
cells which have visible granules present under a light microscope
Agranulocytes?
cells which have no visible granules present under a light microscope
Neutrophils structure and function
lobed shaped nucleus (3-4 segments joined together by chromatin) . Responsible for fighting bacterial infection using HCl
Eosinophils structure and function
Pinkish colour, 2 distinct lobes of nucleus joined by thick strand of chromatin. Fights against parasitic infection
Basophils structure and function
Horseshoe shaped nucleus. Granules contain histamine, cells leak into tissue at site of infection (mast cells - proinflammation)
Monocytes structure and function
Horse shoe shaped nucleus. When in tissue becomes a macrophage. Responsible for phagocytosis + becomes APC
Thrombocytes structure and function
No nucleus + fragments.
7day life span + responsible for blood clotting
Lymphocytes structure and function
Big Natural killer cells/T killer cells (equal in size to RBC) - recognise virus infected cells + kills them.
SMALL: nucleus occupies most of the cell
T -helper cells - signals B plasma cells for antibody production via interleukins/cytokines
T -suppressor cells - negative feedback to stop production of antibodies
T - cytotoxic cells - remove cancerous cells
what does penia mean
deficiency
what does philia mean
surplus/excess cytosis
What can occur if you have Leucopenia, Neutropenia or Thrombocytopenia?
Leucopenia - too few wbc’s = risk of infection + sepsis
Neutropenia(low neutrophils) = higher risk of bacterial infections
Thrombocytopenia = risk of blood loss + autoimmune condition in children
Types of Leucocytosis and what they are a sign of?
Neutrophilia - sign of bacterial infection
Eosinophilia - sign of parasitic infection
Lymphocytosis - sign of viral infection
Monocytosis - sign of bacterial infection in tissues e.g. TB
RBC count in men v women
men = 4.7 - 6.1 million cells per microlitre (cells/mcL)
Women = 4.2-5.4 million cells per microlitre (cells/mcL)
components and features of RBC’s
97% haemoglobin
Spectrin protein - changes structure of capillaries
Biconcave shape with no nucleus or organelles
Large SA
anaerobic ATP synthesis
reversible binding of O2
Haemoglobins structure and function
Haem- red pigment bound to protein (globin)
contains 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)
One Hb transports 4 molecules of O2
Fe 2+ = prosthetic group which binds to O2
What does Bright red blood signify?
Oxyhaemoglobin 98-100% saturated due to loading at the lungs
What does dark red blood signify?
75-80% saturation of O2, deoxyhaemoglobin from unloading O2 around the body.
What is the loading of CO2 to Hb called?
Carbaminohaemoglobin
~20% of CO2 bound to Hb
