Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs/Immuno > CVPR Drugs > Flashcards

CVPR Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Group 1 Antiarrhythmics

A
  • Sodium channel blockers
  • local anesthetics that prolong the QRS duration
  • divided into Groups 1A, 1B, 1C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Group 1A - Procainamide, quinidine, disopyramide, amiodarone

A
  • prolong the action potential
  • reduce phase 0 and 4 sodium currents
  • reduce phase 3 potassium current
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Group 1B - lidocaine, mexiletine, phenytoin

A
  • most selective, have significant effects on sodium channels in depressed ischemic tissue
  • no effect of atrial tissue
  • phenytoin can be used to reduce digitalis-induced arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group 1C - Flecainide

A
  • no effect on ventricular AP duration or QT interval
  • powerful depressants of sodium current, slow conduction velocity in atrial and ventricular cells
  • increase QRS duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Group 2 - Beta Blockers

A
  • Propanolol, esmolol, metoprolol, timolol
  • cardiac beta adrenoreceptor blockade and reduction in cAMP
  • AV node is sensitive to these and PR interval is prolonged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Group 3 - Dofetilide, ibutilide, sotalol, amiodarone

A
  • potassium blockers
  • prolong action potential duration caused by blockade of Ik channels
  • increase QT interval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Group 4 - Calcium L-type Channel Blockers

A
  • Verapamil, diltiazem
  • cause selective depression of calcium current, decrease AV conduction velocity, PR interval and refractory period is increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adenosine

A
  • when given in high doses as IV bolus, the drug slows or completely blocks conduction in the AV node by hyper-polarizing, and reducing calcium current
  • found naturally in body, low toxicity
  • short duration of action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Potassium ion

A
  • depresses ectopic pacemakers, caused by digitalis toxicity
  • hypokalemia=increased arrhythmia incidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Magnesium ion

A
  • Mg appears to have similar depressant effects as potassium
  • also effective in some cases of torsades de pointes arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol

A
  • short acting B2 agonist
  • treat acute bronchospasm
  • last 3-4 hours
  • SE: hypokalemia, cardiac tachycardia, tachyphylaxis, hypoxaemia, NVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Salmeterol, Formoterol

A
  • long acting Beta2 agonist
  • use for moderate/severe persistent asthma
  • lasts 12 hours
  • SE: hypokalemia, cardiac tachycardia, tachyphylaxis, NVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iprtropium bromide

A
  • inhalation treatment for COPD
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • inhibits bronchoconstriction, tracheobronchial secretions
  • use for asthma pts intolerant to B-agonists
  • SE: dry mouth, palpitations, constipation, blurry vision, hallucinations, tachycardia, issues with glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Zarfirlukast, montelukast

A
  • leukotriene receptor antagonist
  • inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 increased warfarin 1/2 life
  • mild/ moderate asthma
  • SE: eosinophilia, hepatotoxicity, infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ziluteon

A
  • inhibits 5-lipooxygenase
  • inhibits CYP3A4 and can influence metabolism of terfenadine, warfarin, theophylline
  • mild/moderate asthma
  • SE: hepatotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Theophylline

A
  • bronchodilator
  • blocks PDE, inhibits breakdown of cAMP and activity of adenosine receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells
  • relieving and controller drug
  • SE: cortical arousal, stimulates secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzyme, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Roflumilast

A
  • PDE type 4 inhibitor
  • for severe COPD, controller drug
  • SE: tachycardia, not with pregnancy, depression, muscle spasm, avoid with CYP3A4 inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methylprednisone, fluicasone, mometasone

A
  • corticosteroids
  • reduces bronchial reactivity, increases airway caliber
  • increases beta 2 receptors
  • inhibit cytokine production
  • SE: glucose intolerance, immunosuppressive, weight gain, increase by, throat thrush, oral hoarseness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A
  • only prophylactically
  • inhibit antigen and exercise induced asthma
  • no effect on airway smooth muscle tone
  • inhibits calcium influx into mast cells caused by cross linking of IgE on cell surface
  • Se: throat irritation, cough, bronchospasm, mouth dryness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Omalizumab

A
  • Anti IgE, inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells
  • long term reduces serum levels of free IgE
  • reduces magnitude of early and late bronchospasm
  • SE: anaphylaxis,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Epoprostenol, treprostinil, remodulin

A
  • prostanoids
  • PGI2 inhibits platelet activation and vasodilates
  • dosing never changes even if weight does
22
Q

Treprostinil, selexipag

A
  • oral prostacyclins

- antiplatelet and vasodilatory actions

23
Q

Bosentan, Ambrisentan, Macitentan

A

-ET1 levels are increased in PAH, these block ET1 receptor

24
Q

Sildenafil, Tadalafil

A

-PDE5 inhibitor - blocks the degradation action of PDE5 on cyclic GMP in smooth muscle cells resulting in vasodilation of the vessels

25
Q

Riociguat

A
  • Guanylate cyclase stimulator
  • synergistic with endogenous nitric oxide and directly stimulates guanylate cyclase
  • use for PAH and CTEPH
26
Q

Acetazolamide

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • blocks NaHCO3 reabsorption
  • increase in urine pH, body pH decreases
  • use for: open angle glaucoma, urine alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, acute mountain sickness, idiopathic intracranial hypertension
  • adverse: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, Ca3 stones, hyperammonemia, hypokalemia, sulfa allergy
27
Q

Mannitol

A
  • osmotic diuretics
  • IV admin, eliminated by renal excretion
  • use for: reduction of intracranial and intraocular pressure, increase in H2O excretion/maintain urine volume
  • toxicity: extracellular volume expansion, Hyponatremia, dehydration, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia
28
Q

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

A
  • loop diuretics
  • blocks NKCC2 symporter, increases renal blood flow
  • use: edematous states, acute pulmonary edema, increase urine flow in renal failure, hypertensive emergencies, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia
  • toxicity: ototoxicity, hypo-K,Ca,Mg, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, dehydration, allergy, nephritis, gout (Ohh dang)
29
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, metolazone

A
  • thiazide diuretics
  • increase NaCl excretion, decreases ability to dilute urine
  • use: hypertension (alone or with other agents), congestive heart failure, nephrolithiasis, osteoporosis, diabetes insipidus
  • decrease Ca excretion
  • toxicity: Hypo-Na,K, Mg, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, allergy, impotence, gout
30
Q

Spironolactone, amiloride

A
  • potassium sparing diuretics
  • use: treat hypokalemia caused by other diuretics
  • toxicity: hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis
31
Q

Conivaptan

A
  • ADH antagonist
  • use: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, CHF, AD Polycystic kidney disease
  • Toxicity: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, dry mouth, thirst, polyuria
32
Q

Metoprolol (for RAAS)

A
  • beta blocker for renin release inhibition
  • use for heart failure, cardiomyopathy, coronary disease
  • side effects: bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart failure, sedation, sleep disturbance, depression, rebound hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia
33
Q

Aliskiren

A
  • renin inhibitors
  • use for hypertension
  • side effects: teratogen, increase creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypotension
34
Q

Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril

A
  • ACE inhibitor
  • use: heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy
  • side effects: cough, angioedema, teratogen, increase creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypotension
35
Q

Losartan

A
  • ARBs
  • use for heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy
  • side effect: angioedema, teratogen, increase creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypotension
36
Q

Spironolactone, eplerenone

A
  • aldosterone antagonists
  • use for hyperaldosteronism (2nd to heart failure, renal disease, MI)
  • side effects: Increase potassium, gynecomastia, impotence and menstrual abnormalities
37
Q

Amlodipine, clevidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine (dihydropyridines)

A
  • act on vascular smooth muscle
  • block voltage-dependent L type calcium channels, decrease muscle contractility
  • use for hypertension, angina, Raynaud syndrome
  • adverse: peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness
38
Q

Diltiazem, verapamil (non-dihydrapyridines)

A
  • act on heart
  • block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels
  • use for hypertension, angina, atrial fibrillation/flutter
  • adverse: cardiac depression, AV block, hyperprolactinemia, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
39
Q

Hydralazine

A
  • increases cGMP, causes smooth muscle relaxation
  • use for severe (acute) HTN, HF, safe for pregnancy
  • adverse: tachycardia, fluid retention, headache, angina, SLE-like syndrome
40
Q

Clevidipine, fenoldopam, labetalol, nicardipine, nitroprusside

A

-use to treat hypertensive emergency
Nitroprusside: short acting, increase cGMP, can cause cyanide toxicity
Fenoldopam: DA D1 receptor agonist, vasodilation, decreased BP, increase natriuresis, can cause hypotension and tachycardia

41
Q

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate

A
  • vasodilation by increase NO in vascular smooth muscle
  • decrease preload, increase cGMP in smooth muscle
  • use for angina, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary edema
  • adverse: reflex tachycardia, hypotension, headache, contraindicated in right ventricular infarction
42
Q

What drug classes are used to treat primary hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ATII receptor blockers (ARB), dihydropyridine, Ca2+ channel blockers

43
Q

What drugs are used to treat HTN with heart failure?

A

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists

44
Q

What drugs treat hypertension with diabetes mellitus?

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca2+ channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers

45
Q

What drugs treat hypertension with asthma?

A

ARBs, Ca2+ channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, selective beta blockers

46
Q

What drugs treat hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Hydralazine, labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine

47
Q

Digoxin

A
  • direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase
  • use for HF, atrial fibrillation, (decreased conduction AV node and depression of SA node)
  • adverse: cholinergic, arrhythmia, AV block, hyperkalemia
48
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A
  • Nonsulfonamide inhibitor of cotransport system (Na/K/2Cl)
  • use for pts allergic to sulfa, diuretic
  • more ototoxicity than furosemide
49
Q

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

A
  • histamine H1 inhibitor, 1st gen
  • use for allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
  • adverse: sedation, antimuscarinic, Anti alpha Adrenergic
50
Q

Loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

A
  • reversible inhibitors of histamine receptors
  • use for allergy
  • less sedating than 1st gens, less entry into CNS
51
Q

Theophylline

A
  • bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiasterase
  • limited usage from narrow therapeutic window
  • cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity
  • blocks action of adenosine

Drugs/Immuno (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions