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Perfusion Program Spring 2015 > CVPR 330 Blood / Lecture 1 / Ch 1 > Flashcards

CVPR 330 Blood / Lecture 1 / Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Blood ?

A 
- Delivers Oxygen, Hormones, 
  Nutrients, and Minerals.
- Removes waste products & 
  transports them to the lungs 
  kidneys and skin for excretion. 
- Hemostasis
- Primary carrier of immunity
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2
Q

The average adult Total Blood Volume

A

4-6 L which accounts for 7% of TBW.

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3
Q

Blood is composed of

A

– Plasma = 55%

– Formed Elements = 45%

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4
Q

Plasma is clear straw colored, viscous, and composed of

A 
• 90% water 
• 10% solids 
- Clotting Proteins
- Complement Proteins 
- Albumin
- Immunoglobulins
- Carbohydrates: Glucose 
- Electrolytes: Na+, K+, ect.
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5
Q

Formed Elements found in blood account for 45% of the composition of blood, what are they?

A
  • RBC (Erythrocytes)
  • WBC (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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6
Q

Organelles within the cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Complex
  • Ribosomes
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7
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that do NOT contain a nucleus?

A

• RBC and Platelets

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8
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that DO contain a nucleus?

A

• WBC

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9
Q

WBC depends upon ___ ___ to perform

its specialized function

A

protein synthesis

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10
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd WEEK begins in ?

A

Yolk sac

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11
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd MONTH begins in ?

A

Liver
Spleen
Thymus

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12
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 4th MONTH begins in ?

A

Bone Marrow

4115

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13
Q

The production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the
bone marrow called?

A

Stem Cells

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14
Q

Hormonally controlled

Hematopoietic Growth Factors are also know as ?

A

cytokines

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15
Q

How many cells are produced daily?

A

1 Trillion

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16
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Multipotent stem cells are influenced by cytokines and growth factors to differentiate into ?

A

Unipotential cells which ultimately become

mature blood cells

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17
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Hormonal influence is exerted by?

A

– Cytokines (IL-#)
– Growth Factors (Il-#, CSF,
EPO, Thrombopoietins)
– Vitamins, metals amino acids

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18
Q

Erythrocytes

A

• Released from bone marrow
fully mature
• Cary Oxygen and CO2
• No Nucleus - No Cell division

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19
Q

A nucleated RBC would indicate what ?

A

extramedullary

hematopoiesis

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20
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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21
Q

Decreased blood oxygen concentration detected by the kidneys would release what ?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released from the

kidney’s peritubular cells

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22
Q

RBC Shape

A 
Biconcave Disk
– 7μ x 2μ
• Shape provides
maximum surface area for maximum gas
transfer.
• Flexible
• Traverse capillaries in
Rouleaux Formation
(single file)
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23
Q

RBC Life Span

A

120 days once the mature cell is released

into circulation

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24
Q

Reticulocytes

A

(immature RBC) found in

circulation after blood loss

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25
Q

RBCs rupture when they die

– Pieces are removed by macrophages in

A

the liver and spleen

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26
Q

RBC particles are called

A

“ghosts” or “cell

stroma”

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27
Q

RBC quantity

A

4-6 Million RBC / μL

28
Q

Pathologic states effecting RBC #

A

– Erythrocytosis

– Anemia

29
Q

Erythrocytosis AKA

A

Polycythemia (Too many RBC)

30
Q

Polycythemia Vera (AKA:

A

erythemia

31
Q

Myeloproliferative disease

A 
– Hct > 55%
- This stem cell disorder, can
  lead to sludging in peripheral   
  circulation.
- Treatment = therapeutic
donations
32
Q

Anemia

A

Hct < 39 M
Hct < 33 F
not a blood disease but an
indication of a disease process.

33
Q

4 Causes of Anemia ?

A
  • iron deficiency
  • vitamin deficiancy
  • hemolysis
  • autoimmune disease
34
Q

How many molecules of Hgb are in each RBC?

A

300 MIllion

35
Q

What is the only true cellular component of blood?

Why ?

A
  • WBC

- they contain a nucleus

36
Q

Hematopoiesis definition ?

A

production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the bone marrow called Stem Cells.

37
Q

The development of blood cells is under control of protein hormones called what ?

A

Hematopoietic growth factors

38
Q

The development of stem cells in hematopoietic bone marrow is called what?

A

Intramedullary hematopoiesis

39
Q

Through a process known a differentiation, stem cells develop into what?

A

Mature blood cells

40
Q

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have two functions, what are they ?

A
  1. ) Produce more stems cells

2. ) Generate mature blood cells

41
Q

Name the precursor to all blood cells?

A

Pluripotential Stem Cell

42
Q

Pluripotential Stem Cells give rise to what two lines of cells?

A
  1. ) Myeloid

2. ) Lymphoid

43
Q

Myeloid line differentiate into what other cells ?

A
  • RBC
  • Platelets
  • WBC: Granulocytes &
    monocytes/ macrophages
44
Q

Lymphoid line differentiate into what other cells ?

A
  • T Lymphocytes

- B Lymphocytes

45
Q

List the 3 steps of stem cell differentiation.

A
  • Pluripotential
  • Multipotential
  • Unipotential
46
Q

Hematopoiesis involves the differentiation of multipotential stem cells into ?

A

unipotential stem cells

47
Q

Unipotential stem cells are committed into developing into a specific blood cell type and have lost what ?

A

Ability to self-Renew

48
Q

Inflammatory response cytokines respond to Inflammation, tissue injury, and foreign matter. Name 3?

A
  • Interlukins
  • Interferons
  • tumor necrosis factors
49
Q

Interlukins (ILs) function ?

A

Affect and enhance the functions of mature blood cells.

50
Q

Interferons (INFs) function ?

A

Essential in the immune response to viral antigens and also for white cell function.

51
Q

tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) function ?

A

Help protect the body against malignant cells

52
Q

G-CSF

A

Garnulocyte - Colony - Stimulating Factor

53
Q

GM - CSF

A

Garnulocyte - macrophage - Colony - Stimulating Factor

54
Q

There are 13 intelukin molecues, which ILs cause stem cells to produce precursers to RBC, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, & platelets?

A

IL-1 & IL-6

55
Q

Used to describe all molecules responsible for the development of platelets from megakaryocytes. Give 3 examples ?

A

Thrombopoietins

  1. ) IL-3
  2. ) IL-6
  3. ) GM-CSF
56
Q

During fetal life, where is erythropoietin produced?

A

Liver

Continues to produce about 10% of this hormone after birth.

57
Q

Other molecules necessary for blood cell development?

A

Vitamins: B12, folic acid
Metals: Iron, Cobalt,Manganese
Hormones: Thyroxin
Amino acids

58
Q

Yellow marrow

A
  • 96% fat

- Not involved in hematopoiesis

59
Q

Unlike yellow matter, Hematopoietic matter contains stem cells in its _____.

A

stroma, a spongy fibrous material.
25% solid material
75 % water

60
Q

hematopoiesis that takes place in tissues other than bone marrow.

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis, normal in the Embryo, and abnormal in the adult. If present in adult it is a sign of bone marrow malfunction.

  • Yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • thymus
61
Q

Organ responsible for T lymphocyte development?

A

Thymus

62
Q

At Birth = All bones produse blood

Adult = Only flat bones produce blood; what are they?

A

skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae

63
Q

In the elderly hematopoietic marrow of the cranium becomes jelly like forming what is called ?

A
  • gelatinous marrow &

- no longer plays a role in hematopoiesis.

64
Q

Mature blood cells predominate in the circulation of healthy individuals. What can we expect to find in individuals with advanced diseases?

A

Immature and abnormal blood cells in greater quantities than mature blood cells.

65
Q

Granulocytes are characterized by what ?

A

granules within their cytoplasm

66
Q

Monocytes give rise to what ?

A

Macrophages

67
Q

Leukocytes include the following:

A 
Granulocytes:
-Neutrophil
-Eosinophil 
-Basophil 
Monocytes and Macrophages 
Lymphocytes

Perfusion Program Spring 2015 (7 decks)

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