CVD Flashcards
Atherosclerosis can lead to…
CHD and strokes
Atheroma formation can lead to …
Atherosclerosis
What happens after the endothelium becomes damaged?
Inflammatory response, where white blood cells mainly macrophages move into the artery wall, cholesterol also accumulates causing fatty streaks.
what are the characterises of an Atheroma
A fibrous plaque (calcium salts and fibrous tissue)
what happens as a result of the hardened plaque
The artery loses some elasticity The lumen becomes narrow Blood flow is restricted Increases blood pressure (Positive feedback)
What are the two types of studies when identifying risk factors
Cohort-prospective study a group of people are followed overtime
Case control-retrospective a group of people who have the disease are compared up those without the disease
What are the 3 features of a good study
Clear aim
Representative sample
Valid and reliable results
What are the CVD risk factors?
High blood pressure Obesity Diet/lifestyle Smoking Genetics Age
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
How is blood pressure measured?
Using a sphygmomanometer it measures the systolic pressure and the diastole pressure in the arteries. The systolic pressure is over the diastolic pressure.
What is the blood pressure of a healthy person usually?
In a healthy person systolic pressure between 100 and 140 and a diastolic pressure of between 60 and 90
What are the other risk factors for CVD?
Salt- too much salt can cause kidneys to retain water higher fluid levels means blood pressure will increase.
Stress - increases blood pressure
Alcohol- increases blood pressure
How does smoking increasing the risk of developing CVD?
Haemoglobin- carries carbon monoxide instead of oxygen reducing the amount of oxygen that gets into cells (heart muscle is deprived)
Nicotine- stimulates the production of adrenaline which increases heart rate and the arteries and arterioles to constrict.
It also causes the platelets to become more sticky
3 ways of controlling blood pressure are?
Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics
Statins are used for…..
reducing blood cholesterol levels
statins works by..
Inhibiting an enzyme involved in the production of LDL cholesterol or reducing the amount of lipid absorbed by the gut.
what are the 4 types of drug treatment?
Anti hypertensives
Statins
Anticoagulants
Platelet inhibitory drugs
Heart palpitations, Abnormal heart rhythms, fainting, headaches are a risk for what type of treatment
Anti hypertensives
Statins can reduce the absorption of some vitamins from the gut
True of false
True- this is a risk
Theses drugs can be taken in combination
Anti hypertensives
Saturated fats have no …… bonds between the carbon
Double
Why doesn’t unsaturated fats contain the maximin amount of hydrogen
As it contains double bonds
