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Year 2 neuro exam 2 > CVA TIA, Pales II > Flashcards

CVA TIA, Pales II Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak (motor or sensory)

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2
Q

alexia

A

inability to read

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3
Q

agraphia

A

inability to write

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4
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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5
Q

dysarthria

A

slurred speech

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6
Q

hemispatial neglect

A

inability to attend one side of body or visual field

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7
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform a specific task

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8
Q

anosognosia

A

unawareness of or denial of the existence of disability

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9
Q

anomia

A

difficulty recalling words or names

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10
Q

ataxia

A

unsteady gait

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11
Q

what supplies basal ganglia

A

lenticulostriate

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12
Q

lenticulostriate come off what a

A

MCA

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13
Q

Characteristics of MCA syndrome

A

contralateral hemiplegia/ sensation loss

contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

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14
Q

dominant side MCA syndrome

A

aphasia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, R-L confusion

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15
Q

non-dominant side MCA syndrome

A

unilateral neglect
dressing apraxia
anosognosia
constructional apraxia

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16
Q

Anterior artery syndrome

A

contralateral sensory and motor loss of lower extremity

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17
Q

PCA syndrome

A

homonymous hemianopsia
alexia without agraphia
visual or color anomia

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18
Q

Lateral pontine syndrome

Marie-Fox syndrome

A

AICA
ataxia- arm and leg
weakness- upper and lower extremity
hemisensory loss- pain and temperature

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19
Q

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

Wallenberg syndrome

A 
PICA
facial sensory loss and pain
ataxia
nystagmus
vertigo
hoarseness
dysphagia
horner syndrome
hemisensory loss
hiccups
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20
Q

what strokes occur off basilar artery

A 
locked in syndrome
lateral pontine
ventral pontine
ataxic hemiparesis
cortical blindness
21
Q

lateral gaze weakness and contralateral hemiplegia

A

ventral pontine syndrome

Raymond Syndrome

22
Q

contralateral UE and LE weakness

ipsi facial weakness

A

ventral pontine syndrome

Millard Gubler Syndrome

23
Q

quadriplegia, b/l facial paralysis, dysarthria

A

locked in syndrome

24
Q

other sx of stroke

A

HA
nausea/vomiting
stupor/coma/amnesia/confusion/delerium

25
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

transient mono ocular blindness

warning sign impending stroke

26
Q

causes of amaurosis fugax

A 
embolic
hemodynamic
ocular
neurologic
idiopathic
27
Q

Sx of TIA

A

last less than 24 hours

28
Q

increased risk for what if have TIA

A

CVA within first 3 mo

29
Q

Dx of stroke

A

Hx: sudden onset
do complete neuro and mental status exam
CT w/o contrast (only detects big strokes)

30
Q

more sensitive imaging for stroke

A

MRI not CT

31
Q

looking for cause of stroke lab workup

A 
Hx
lipids, blood glucose, cardiac enzymes
EKG, arrhythmia MI
echo
carotid doppler
MR-A/ CT-A
32
Q

differential for ischemic stroke

A 
hemorrhagic or subdural hematoma
seizures
complex migraines
CNS tumors
nerves palsy
encephalitis
toxic metabolic encephalopathy
syncope
vertigo
33
Q

common cause for confusion of hospitalized patients

A

toxic metabolic encephalopathy

34
Q

Tx types for stroke

A

acute
primary stroke prevention
secondary stroke prevention

35
Q

acute Tx for stroke

A 
rtPA (within 3 hrs)
Aspirin
IV fluids
keep BP sufficient, not too high
swallowing evaluation
early rehab
36
Q

non modifiable risk factors for stroke

A

age (>55)
+FMH
race: african american and hispanics>caucasians
gender: M>F
personal Hx TIA CVA MI any atherosclerosis

37
Q

modifiable risk factors for stroke

A 
HTN!! second biggest
Afib
smoking
DM!!! biggest
carotid stenosis
HLD
physical inactivity and obesity
alcohol and drug abuse
geographic location
socioeconomic factors
38
Q

stroke prevention efforst

A

diet (low sat fat)
exercise (aerobic 30 min 3-5 days)
strict control BP, sugars and cholesterol
quit smoking

39
Q

medications for stroke prevention

A

antiplatelets

anticoagulatns

40
Q

what are the antiplatelet drugs

A

aspirin
clopidogril
aspiring/dipyridamole

41
Q

what are the anticoagulation drugs

A

warfarin

heparin and LMWH

42
Q

tx options of carotid stenosis

A

depends on degree of stenosis
medical Tx
surgical Tx with endarterectomy
stents

43
Q

indications for stent in carotid stenosis

A

lesions not reachable with surgical approach

patients have high surgical risk

44
Q

alexia without agraphia

A

PCA syndrome

45
Q

multiple strokes all over brain

A

emboli from heart

46
Q

major risk factors for strokes

A

atherosclerosis and HTN

47
Q

CT can miss what

A

early strokes because small or in posterior circulation

48
Q

major Tx of ischemic stroke

A

tPA

Year 2 neuro exam 2 (23 decks)

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