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AHN 568, unit 4 > CV-PV exam > Flashcards

CV-PV exam Flashcards

1
Q

What measurements above the RA and above the Sternal angle is considered an elevated Jugular venous pressure

A

RA >8cm, Sternal angle >3cm at head of bed 30degrees

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2
Q

How to tell carotid from jugular pulsations/oscillations

A

jugular vein oscillations will obliterate with pressure while carotid pulsations will not

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3
Q

Lifts and heaves signify?

A

LA/LV enlargement

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4
Q

Thrills signify

A

valvular dysfunction, vibration

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5
Q

PMI should be found

A

5th ICS/ MCL

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6
Q

PMI lateral displacement shows

A

cardiomyopathy, LV enlargement

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7
Q

Auscultation aortic valve

A

2nd ICS, RSB

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8
Q

Auscultation pulmonic valve

A

2nd ICS, LSB

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9
Q

Auscultation Tricuspid valve

A

3rd/4th ICS, LLSB

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10
Q

Mitral valve area

A

5th ICS, MCL

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11
Q

S1

A

beginning of systole, AV/PV open, MV/TV closed, heard all over, loudest at apex

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12
Q

S2

A

beginning of diastole, MV/TV open, AV/PV closed, loudest at the base 2nd-3rd ICS

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13
Q

Split S1 caused by

A

one ventricle depolarizing before the other, can not be caused by inspiration

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14
Q

Split S2 caused by

A

can be caused by inspiration

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15
Q

Midsystolic click

A

most common, MVP

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16
Q

Aortic ejection click

A

Early systole, AS, Bicuspid aortic valve

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17
Q

Pulmonic ejection click

A

early systole, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary HTN

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18
Q

Opening snap

A

Early diastole, LSB, MVS

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19
Q

S3

A

low pitch, early diastole, volume overload, heart failure,

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20
Q

S4

A

late diastole, atrial ejection into a distended ventricle, cardiomyopathy, delayed conduction

21
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

inflammation of pericardium, high pitched scratchy

22
Q

Grading murmurs

A

Grade I through Grade VI

23
Q

Grade I

A

Barely audible

24
Q

Grade II

A

audible, but soft

25
Q

Grade III

A

Easily audible

26
Q

Grade IV

A

easily audible and associated with a thrill

27
Q

Grade V

A

Easily audible, associated with a thrill and still heart with the stethoscope only lightly on the chest

28
Q

Grade VI

A

Can be heard without the stethoscope

29
Q

Murmurs during systole

A

aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
pulmonic stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation

30
Q

Murmurs during diastole

A

aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
pulmonic regurgitation
tricuspid stenosis

31
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

mid systolic, medium pitch, crescendo-decrescendo pattern, Harsh and Raspy, 2nd ICS at right sternal border, often radiates to the neck (key distinguishing factor), sitting and leaning forward, squatting increases the intensity

32
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

Pan-systolic (holosystolic), medium to high pitch, harsh, blowing, may be associated with an S3, Apical, radiates to left axillary region

33
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

A

Midsystolic, medium pitch, crescendo-decrescendo, Harsh, 2-3 ICS, LSB, Radiates to left shoulder, neck region, Pathologic S2 splitting

34
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation

A

Holosystolic, medium pitch, blowing, left lower sternal border, radiates to right sternum, diploid process and possibly left MCL, increases with inspiration

35
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Decrescendo diastolic, grade I-III, high pitch, blowing, 2nd-4th ICS, LSB, Holding breath after exhalation, holding hand-letting go

36
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Mid-late diastolic, Grade I-VI, low pitch, diastolic rumble, Decrescendo (opening snap follows S2)

37
Q

Pulmonic regurgitation

A

Early diastolic, Grade I-VI, High pitch, Decrescendo, Blowing, LSB

38
Q

Tricuspid stenosis

A

mid-late diastolic, Grade I-VI, Low pitch diastolic rumble, Decrescendo (opening snap follows S2), rumbling

39
Q

Venous stasis

A

Brown discoloration (hemosiderin deposits), medial malleoli ulcers d/t bacterial invasion of poorly drained tissue,

40
Q

Arterial insufficiency

A

Arterial ulcers usually occur on the tip of the toes, metatarsal heads and lateral malleoli, hair loss

41
Q

0 pulses

A

Absent

42
Q

+1 pulses

A

diminished

43
Q

+2 pulses

A

Normal

44
Q

+3 pulses

A

Full

45
Q

+4 pulses

A

Bounding

46
Q

Pulsus Alternans

A

Pulses alternating strong and weak, can be found in left ventricular dysfunction

47
Q

pulses paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade, volume stronger with expiration

48
Q

Bounding

A

Warm sepsis

49
Q

Bisferiens

A

double systolic peak, aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation

AHN 568, unit 4 (3 decks)

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