CV EXAM 1 Flashcards
Which of the following techniques may be used to calculate cardiac output?
- thermodilution technique
- lung blue dye technique
- radionuclide cardiac imaging
- Fick equation
- Mean arterial blood pressure
1, 3 and 4
All of these things affect stroke volume EXCEPT:
a. preload
b. metabolism
c. afterload
d. contractility
B
The amount of precontraction stretch applied to the ventricles is called:
a. preload
b. afterload
c. contractility
d. cardiac work index
A
The mean arterial blood pressure for a blood pressure of 108/74 mmHg is:
a. 65 mmHg
b. 75 mmHg
c. 85 mmHg
d. 103 mmHg
C
A patient has a cardiac output of 5.6 L/min and a HR of 80 bpm, what is the stroke volume?
a. 7 ml
b. 64 ml
c. 70 ml
d. 75 ml
C
All of the following can cause a change in afterload EXCEPT:
a. radius of vessels decreases
b. increased contractility
c. viscosity of the blood increases
d. blood flow decreases
B
All of the following could result in an increase in PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) EXCEPT:
a. COPD
b. ARDS
c. excessive
d. hyperoxia
D
Which of the following correlates best with oxygen requirements of the heart?
a. ejection fraction
b. cardiac work
c. end diastolic volume
d. stroke volume
B
Which of the following are directly measured hemodynamic values?
- Cardiac Index
- CVP
- PCWP
- PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance)
- Cardiac Output
a. 2, 3, and 5
b. 1, 3, and 4
c. 2 and 5
d. all of the above
A
Which of these methods are used to measure contractility?
a. thermodilution
b. ultrasound
c. Swan Ganz catheter
d. a and b only
e. none of the above
E
Calculate the SVR (systemic vascular resistance) based on the following clinical data:
MAP = 80 mmHg
CVP = 6 mmHg
CO = 4 L/m
a. 1480 dynes
b. 14.8 dynes
c. 18.5 dynes
d. 108 dynes
A
Which of the following are used to calculate PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance)?
a. CO/HR
b. HR x SV
c. MPAP-PCWP/80 x CO
d. MPAP-PCWP/CO x 80
D
A normal value for stroke volume is:
a. 30 ml/beat
b. 150 ml/beat
c. 110 ml/beat
d. 47 ml/beat
C
If a patient is hypoxic, what happens to the body to improve oxygen delivery to the organs?
a. vasodilation only
b. decreased perfusion and vasodilation
c. increased perfusion, vasodilation
d. decreased perfusion, vasoconstriction
C
Low cardiac output states can result from which of the following cardiovascular situations?
a. hypertension
b. left ventricular failure
c. hypervolemia
d. mitral valve prolapse
B
A systolic blood pressure greater than 150 torr is termed:
a. normal
b. hypertensive
c. hypotensive
d. hypovolemia
B
The following data has been obtained from a patient:
SV 74 ml/beat
EDV 140 ml/beat
CO 6 L/min
BP 116/68
What is the ejection fraction?
a. 65%
b. 43%
c. 75%
d. 53%
D
The force the ventricles must work against to pump blood is called:
a. myocardial contractility
b. ventricular afterload
c. negative inotropism
d. ventricular preload
B
Preload of the left ventricle is assessed by which of the following parameters?
a. arterial diastolic BP
b. CVP
c. MAP
d. PAWP
D
Which of the following conditions would cause a reduction in ventricular preload?
a. increased ventricular compliance
b. increase venous return
c. cardiac tamponade
d. hypovolemia
D
Which of the following conditions would increase left ventricular afterload?
a. pulmonic valve stenosis
b. decreased blood viscosity
c. PEEP
d. systemic hypertension
D
Which of the following will cause a tall, narrow arterial pressure waveform?
a. a stiff aorta
b. vasodilation
c. mitral valve stenosis
d. ventricular hypertrophy
A
Which of the following causes the CVP to increase?
a. vasodilator therapy
b. spontaneous inspiration
c. fluid overload
d. air in the pressure-sensing line
C
Which ventricle is responsible for the systemic and coronary circulation?
a. left ventricle
b. right ventricle
A
What clinical condition is most likely to cause the PAWP to be elevated?
a. ARDS
b. Left heart failure
c. Cor pulmonale
d. Pneumonia
B
