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Pharm Final > CV Drugs 4 > Flashcards

CV Drugs 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the vitamin k-dependent factors?

A

coagulation factors II, VII, X, IX

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2
Q

crap! bear just ate rodenticide! what do i do?!

A

give phytonadione (vitamin K1) = antidote

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3
Q

what is the drug of choice for treatment of bleeding disorders associated w/ vitamin K1 deficiency?

A

phytonadione (vitamin K1)

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4
Q

what can happen if you give phytonadione (vitamin K1) IV?

A

risk of anaphylaxis!

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5
Q

what is the drug of choice for treatment of hemorrhage secondary to heparin over dosage?

A

protamine sulfate

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6
Q

what are the possible consequences of giving an IV injection of protamine sulfate rapidly?

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • dyspnea
  • possible hypersensitivity rxn
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7
Q

what is the MOA of protamine sulfate?

A

strong basic compound complexes w/ heparin to form inactive stable salt (neutralizes it!)

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8
Q

what is aminocaproic acid used to treat for?

A

conditions associated w/ increased bleeding due to hyperfibrinolysis (inhibits fibrinolysis)

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9
Q

what drug is used prophylactically to prevent post-operative bleeding in greyhounds?

A

aminocaproic acid

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10
Q

of the hemostatic agents which drug is an antifibrinolytic?

A

aminocaproic acid

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11
Q

of the hemostatic agents which drug is a hormonal agent?

A

desmopressin acetate

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12
Q

ugh bears at it again. he got into the aspirin and has aspirin toxicity! what hemostatic agent can i use to treat?

A

desmopressin acetate

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13
Q

what is the MOA of desmopressin acetate?

A

dose-dependent increase in plasma factor VIII and plasminogen factor

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14
Q

what is the drug of choice for treatment of bleeding due to vonWillebrand’s disease in dobermans?

A

desmopressin acetate

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15
Q

what is the drug of choice for treatment of central diabetes insipidus?

A

desmopressin acetate

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16
Q

what is the MOA of unfractioned heparin?

A

binds to antithrombin III > prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

17
Q

T/F: low-molecular weight heparins have more of an impact on thrombin and clotting times than unfractionated heparin

A

FALSE, opposite

18
Q

name two low-molecular weight heparins

A

dalteparin and enoxaparin

19
Q

what anticoagulant must you monitor with aPTT coag times?

A

unfractionated heparin

20
Q

what is the big difference between unfractionated heparin compared to low-molecular weight heparins?

A

low-molecular weight heparins preferentially inhibit factor Xa and have less impact on thrombin and clotting times

21
Q

what drugs can you use to treat deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolic diseases and pulmonary embolisms?

A

low-molecular weight heparins; dalteparin and enoxaparin

22
Q

T/F: dalteparin and enoxaparin must be given IV slowly

A

FALSE, must be given SQ > may require frequent dosing in dogs/cats

23
Q

what drug is an indirect anticoagulant?

A

warfarin sodium -1st generation

24
Q

what is the MOA of warfarin sodium -1st generation?

A

inhibits the enzyme VITAMIN K EPOXIDE REDUCTASE > interferes w/ ability to synthesize coagulation factors

25
Q

which antithrombotic is contraindicated with GI ulceration and active GI bleeding?

A

aspirin! NSAID and clopidogrel bisulfate (platelet aggregation inhibitor)

26
Q

what is the MOA of aspirin?

A

reduces platelet aggregation through inhibiting synthesis of thromboxane A2

27
Q

what drug is used for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombotic disease?

A

aspirin and clopidogrel bisulfate (antithrombotics)

28
Q

T/F: aspirin has a VERY short half-life in cats

A

FALSE, very LONG

29
Q

what drug is used for feline aortic thromboembolism (FAT CAT trial)

A

clopidogrel bisulfate

30
Q

name three thrombolytics

A

streptokinase, urokinase, and t-PA

31
Q

what is the MOA of thrombolytics?

A

activate plasminogen to breakdown existing clots > thrombolysis

32
Q

what does streptokinase, urokinase, and t-PA treat?

A

existing thrombus or thromboembolism

33
Q

whats the major difference between streptokinase, urokinase, and t-PA?

A

t-PA is fibrin clot specific, must be there

34
Q

what do we worry about when it comes to using antithrombolytics?

A

life-threatening hemorrhage possible!

35
Q

which of the following drugs act by inhibiting fibrinolysis?

a. vitamin K1
b. protamine sulfate
c. aminocaproic acid
d. clopidogrel

A

c. aminocaproic acid

36
Q

which of the following is the specific antidote for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?

a. vitamin K1
b. protamine sulfate
c. aminocaproic acid
d. clopidogrel

A

a. vitamin K1

37
Q

what is the MOA of clopidogrel?

a. anti-platelet aggregation through thromboxane A2 inhibition
b. anti-platelet aggregation through ADP inhibition
c. anticoagulation through factor Xa inhibition
d. antifibrinolysis

A

b. anti-platelet aggregation through ADP inhibition

38
Q

which of the following is best described as a fibrin clot-specific thrombolytic?

a. streptokinase
b. urokinase
c. dalteparin
d. t-PA

A

d. t-PA

Pharm Final (7 decks)

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