CV, Diuretics, & HTN Medications Flashcards
Angiotensin is a very potent vaso___.
Vasoconstrictor
Does the parasympathetic system ⬆ or ⬇ our BP?
Decrease, vagal down, bradycardia
Which system is “fight or flight”?
Sympathetic system
Which electrolyte controls muscle contraction, nerve impulse, and stimulates production of ADH with high levels of Na.
Na
Which electrolyte controls cardiac contraction?
K
Which electrolyte controls muscle contraction and nerve function?
Ca
Which electrolyte controls muscle contractility?
Mg
What substance allows for electrical and mechanical function of the heart?
Electrolytes
What is inhibited by Digoxin?
Na-K pump
Amount of volume in left ventricle before contracting.
Preload
Positive inotropic?
Contractility
Negative chronotropic
Heart rate
Negative dromotropic
Conduction of heart
What does digoxin do?
Increases the force and contractility of the heart, increases CO, and decreases preload.
T/F
The first dose of digoxin is smaller than the maintenance dose.
False, first dose is larger than the second dose.
Dose of digoxin for the first 24 hrs.
0.75mg- 1.25mg in divided doses
Maintenance dose for digoxin
0.125mg - 0.25mg daily
Peak and Duration for digoxin
Peak in 2hrs, duration of 6 days
HF that causes blood to back up into the periphery tissues is called?
Right-sided HF
HF that causes blood to back up into the lungs is called?
Left-sided HF
Can you reverse damage done when it comes to HF?
No
What stage of HF is high risk of HF w/o symptoms or structural disease
Stage 1
What stage of HF is severe structural heart disease and marked symptoms of HF at rest.
Stage 4
List some nonpharmacologic tx for HF.
- limit salt intake
- limit or avoid alcohol
- stop smoking (nicotine-vasoconstrictor)
- decrease saturated fats
- mild exercise
What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
Proteins that are released because of over-stretching of the ventricles
(Atria-ANP)
What is the positive value of BNP for signs of HF?
> 100 (normal - 100)
Therapeutic range for digoxin
0.5-2.0 ng/mL
What disorder can worsen digitalis toxicity?
Hypokalemia
What do you do if a pts K is low but Digoxin levels are normal?
Pt needs to hold the digoxin and take K supplements until normal, then resume digoxin.
What should you admin if a digoxin level is severely high?
Digibind
How much Digibind is required to elleviate 0.5mg of digoxin?
38mg of Digibind
Over how much time should Digibind be admin?
30mins
What are some teaching points for pts on digoxin?
- check HR, if <60 notify HCP
- intake of foods rich in K
- report side effects
What causes angina?
Imbalance of myocardial O2
Atherosclerosis
Plaque build up narrowing and occluding arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Angina that is triggered by predictable activity, and is relieved by resting is what kind of angina?
Stable angina
What kind of angina is unpredictable, more frequent, and is not relieved by rest?
Unstable angina
What type of angina is caused by vasospasms and can occur at rest?
Prinzmetal angina
Be aware of asthma and respiratory problems with what anti-anginal?
Beta-blockers
Ca channel blockers end with what?
-pine
