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Pharmacology > CV, Diuretics, & HTN Medications > Flashcards

CV, Diuretics, & HTN Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Angiotensin is a very potent vaso___.

A

Vasoconstrictor

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2
Q

Does the parasympathetic system ⬆ or ⬇ our BP?

A

Decrease, vagal down, bradycardia

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3
Q

Which system is “fight or flight”?

A

Sympathetic system

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4
Q

Which electrolyte controls muscle contraction, nerve impulse, and stimulates production of ADH with high levels of Na.

A

Na

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5
Q

Which electrolyte controls cardiac contraction?

A

K

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6
Q

Which electrolyte controls muscle contraction and nerve function?

A

Ca

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7
Q

Which electrolyte controls muscle contractility?

A

Mg

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8
Q

What substance allows for electrical and mechanical function of the heart?

A

Electrolytes

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9
Q

What is inhibited by Digoxin?

A

Na-K pump

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10
Q

Amount of volume in left ventricle before contracting.

A

Preload

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11
Q

Positive inotropic?

A

Contractility

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12
Q

Negative chronotropic

A

Heart rate

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13
Q

Negative dromotropic

A

Conduction of heart

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14
Q

What does digoxin do?

A

Increases the force and contractility of the heart, increases CO, and decreases preload.

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15
Q

T/F

The first dose of digoxin is smaller than the maintenance dose.

A

False, first dose is larger than the second dose.

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16
Q

Dose of digoxin for the first 24 hrs.

A

0.75mg- 1.25mg in divided doses

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17
Q

Maintenance dose for digoxin

A

0.125mg - 0.25mg daily

18
Q

Peak and Duration for digoxin

A

Peak in 2hrs, duration of 6 days

19
Q

HF that causes blood to back up into the periphery tissues is called?

A

Right-sided HF

20
Q

HF that causes blood to back up into the lungs is called?

A

Left-sided HF

21
Q

Can you reverse damage done when it comes to HF?

A

No

22
Q

What stage of HF is high risk of HF w/o symptoms or structural disease

A

Stage 1

23
Q

What stage of HF is severe structural heart disease and marked symptoms of HF at rest.

A

Stage 4

24
Q

List some nonpharmacologic tx for HF.

A
  • limit salt intake
  • limit or avoid alcohol
  • stop smoking (nicotine-vasoconstrictor)
  • decrease saturated fats
  • mild exercise
25
Q

What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?

A

Proteins that are released because of over-stretching of the ventricles
(Atria-ANP)

26
Q

What is the positive value of BNP for signs of HF?

A

> 100 (normal - 100)

27
Q

Therapeutic range for digoxin

A

0.5-2.0 ng/mL

28
Q

What disorder can worsen digitalis toxicity?

A

Hypokalemia

29
Q

What do you do if a pts K is low but Digoxin levels are normal?

A

Pt needs to hold the digoxin and take K supplements until normal, then resume digoxin.

30
Q

What should you admin if a digoxin level is severely high?

A

Digibind

31
Q

How much Digibind is required to elleviate 0.5mg of digoxin?

A

38mg of Digibind

32
Q

Over how much time should Digibind be admin?

A

30mins

33
Q

What are some teaching points for pts on digoxin?

A
  • check HR, if <60 notify HCP
  • intake of foods rich in K
  • report side effects
34
Q

What causes angina?

A

Imbalance of myocardial O2

35
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque build up narrowing and occluding arteries

36
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

37
Q

Angina that is triggered by predictable activity, and is relieved by resting is what kind of angina?

A

Stable angina

38
Q

What kind of angina is unpredictable, more frequent, and is not relieved by rest?

A

Unstable angina

39
Q

What type of angina is caused by vasospasms and can occur at rest?

A

Prinzmetal angina

40
Q

Be aware of asthma and respiratory problems with what anti-anginal?

A

Beta-blockers

41
Q

Ca channel blockers end with what?

A

-pine

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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