CV Disorders & Terminology Overview Flashcards
Cardiac Tamponade:
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac impairs diastolic filling and reduces cardiac output; complication of MI or dissection of aorta at root.
Aneurysm:
Abnormal dilation of BV leading to weakness & rupture. Excessive bleeding and organ damage may occur
Berry Aneurysm:
a small saccular aneurysm of a cerebral artery, usually at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis; such aneurysms frequently rupture, causing subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Congenital
an anomaly present at birth.
Phlebothrombosis
Inflammation of a vein which predisposes it to a blood clot.
Intermittent Claudication
pain and cramping in the calf with exercise due to ischemia
What is a sign of an aneurysm?
sudden sever pain in head or abdomen (brain, aorta)
What is a sign of intermittent claudication?
pain with walking that decreases with rest.
Raynaud’s disease
idiopathic (suspected d/t vascular spasm) disease, characterized by intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities (fingers, toes, ears, nose).
Raynaud’s syndrome
arterial spams d/t abnormal SNS firing.
Congestive heart failure (disease)
a circulatory disturbance caused by cardiac pump failure thus heart muscle doesn’t pump well d/t CAD or HTN.
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of an organ or body part due to increased cell size (usually skeletal muscle).
Hypertensive Stroke
a sudden rupture of cerebral arteries (intracranial hemorrhage).
Hypertension
an elevation of BP above the normal range for a prolonged period of time increasing the risk of stroke or heart attack.
What is considered hypertensive value?
high BP threshold is 140/90 and “dangerous” is 160/95.
Ischemic Heart Disease
Insufficient coronary blood flow leading to a heart attack (MI) - occlusion of coronary artery can lead to heart necrosis.
Eclampsia
Gravest form of toxemia of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, renal dysfunction and seizures.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (aka thrombophlebitis)
Swelling and inflammation of a vein d/t a blood clot (partial or complete occlusion of a vein by a thrombus).
Buerger’s Disease (aka thromboangiitis obliterans)
Inflammatory reaction of the arteries to nicotine, found in smokers.
Diastole:
Resting phase of the contraction cycle, characterized by dilation of ventricles.
Systole:
The ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Coagulation:
Physiological process leading to blood clots, aka “clotting”.
Coagulation factor:
a group of 13 plasma proteins responsible for blood clotting.
What does the cardiovascular loop transport?
oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells;
carbon dioxide and metabolic end products OUT of the cells.
