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SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS > CV Disorders & Terminology Overview > Flashcards

CV Disorders & Terminology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Tamponade:

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac impairs diastolic filling and reduces cardiac output; complication of MI or dissection of aorta at root.

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2
Q

Aneurysm:

A

Abnormal dilation of BV leading to weakness & rupture. Excessive bleeding and organ damage may occur

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3
Q

Berry Aneurysm:

A

a small saccular aneurysm of a cerebral artery, usually at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis; such aneurysms frequently rupture, causing subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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4
Q

Congenital

A

an anomaly present at birth.

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5
Q

Phlebothrombosis

A

Inflammation of a vein which predisposes it to a blood clot.

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6
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

pain and cramping in the calf with exercise due to ischemia

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7
Q

What is a sign of an aneurysm?

A

sudden sever pain in head or abdomen (brain, aorta)

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8
Q

What is a sign of intermittent claudication?

A

pain with walking that decreases with rest.

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9
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

idiopathic (suspected d/t vascular spasm) disease, characterized by intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities (fingers, toes, ears, nose).

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10
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A

arterial spams d/t abnormal SNS firing.

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11
Q

Congestive heart failure (disease)

A

a circulatory disturbance caused by cardiac pump failure thus heart muscle doesn’t pump well d/t CAD or HTN.

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12
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of an organ or body part due to increased cell size (usually skeletal muscle).

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13
Q

Hypertensive Stroke

A

a sudden rupture of cerebral arteries (intracranial hemorrhage).

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14
Q

Hypertension

A

an elevation of BP above the normal range for a prolonged period of time increasing the risk of stroke or heart attack.

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15
Q

What is considered hypertensive value?

A

high BP threshold is 140/90 and “dangerous” is 160/95.

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16
Q

Ischemic Heart Disease

A

Insufficient coronary blood flow leading to a heart attack (MI) - occlusion of coronary artery can lead to heart necrosis.

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17
Q

Eclampsia

A

Gravest form of toxemia of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, renal dysfunction and seizures.

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18
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (aka thrombophlebitis)

A

Swelling and inflammation of a vein d/t a blood clot (partial or complete occlusion of a vein by a thrombus).

19
Q

Buerger’s Disease (aka thromboangiitis obliterans)

A

Inflammatory reaction of the arteries to nicotine, found in smokers.

20
Q

Diastole:

A

Resting phase of the contraction cycle, characterized by dilation of ventricles.

21
Q

Systole:

A

The ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

22
Q

Coagulation:

A

Physiological process leading to blood clots, aka “clotting”.

23
Q

Coagulation factor:

A

a group of 13 plasma proteins responsible for blood clotting.

24
Q

What does the cardiovascular loop transport?

A

oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells;

carbon dioxide and metabolic end products OUT of the cells.

25
Q

What is Beck’s Triad related to?

A

A collection of three medical signs associated with acute cardiac tamponade.

26
Q

What are the three medical signs of Beck’s Triad?

A
  1. distended neck veins (JVD)
  2. muffled heart sounds
  3. hypotension
27
Q

What is the most common cause of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

atherosclerosis

28
Q

What at 4 risk factors of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A
  1. male>female
  2. smoking
  3. hypertension
  4. advanced age
29
Q

What are 3 characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. diastolic dysfunction
  2. risk of sudden death in young athletes
  3. thickened left ventricular wall
30
Q

What are 3 characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. enlargement of all cardiac chambers
  2. systolic dysfunction
  3. most common type
31
Q

What are 3 characteristics of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. rigid ventricular walls
  2. diastolic dysfunction
  3. least common types
32
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Narrowing and calcification of the aortic valve results in the left ventricular outflow obstruction

33
Q

What are 3 main causes of aortic stenosis?

A
  1. calcific disease of trileaflet valve
  2. calcification of a bicuspid valve
  3. rheumatic valve disease
34
Q

What are 3 characteristics of systolic dysfunction?

A
  1. impaired contractility
  2. thin/weak heart muscle
  3. low ejection fraction
35
Q

What are 3 characteristics of diastolic dysfunction?

A
  1. impaired filling/relaxation
  2. stiff/thick heart muscle
  3. normal ejection fraction
36
Q

What are 4 systolic etiologies?

A
  1. ischemic heart disease
  2. chronic HTN
  3. dilated cardiomyopathy
  4. myocarditis
37
Q

What are 4 diastolic etiologies?

A
  1. HTN w. LV hypertrophy
  2. amyloidosis
  3. sarcoidosis
  4. fibrosis
38
Q

Holiday Heart Syndrome:

A

The occurrence of an acute cardiac arrhythmia, most commonly atrial fibrillation, after an episode of binge drinking (usually transient and self-limiting).

39
Q

What are 6 adverse medical conditions that can occur due to arterio/atherosclerosis?

A
  1. angina
  2. MI
  3. TIA
  4. Ischemic stroke
  5. intermittent claudication
  6. aneurysm
40
Q

Arteriosclerosis:

A

generic term used for hardening & narrowing of any artery in the body - muscle and elastic tissue of the tunica media are replaced by fibrous tissue (arterial walls become thick, hard and lose elasticity).

41
Q

Atherosclerosis:

A

Multifactorial disease of arteries affected by atheromas - does NOT affect arterioles, gradual decrease of lumen d/t abnormal mass build up.

42
Q

Give a brief run through of the order of techniques you would use when treating a client with severe/complex CCVD:

A

Start:

  • position pt in propped up or semi-fowlers
  • have pt pay attention to trying to do slow, calm breaths
  • compressions from hip down the legs to feet
  • a few gentle distraction of ankles
  • small ROM ankle rolls
  • rocking the foot lightly with thenar eminence on the malleoli
  • foot compressions
  • toe distraction
  • spread toes and “crack the crab” on feet
  • subtle jt. play into supination and pronation
  • work lumbricals
  • effleurage to flush
  • end with ankle rolls without oil.
43
Q

What are 3 DO NOT’s of a systemic massage treatment for severe/ complex CCVD?

A
  1. lay in flat position
  2. work towards the heart
  3. take joints to end ranges of motion

SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS (7 decks)

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