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SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS > Central Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Central Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What % of primary HTN is idiopathic?

A

95%

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2
Q

What are 7 symptoms associated with late stage HTN?

A
  1. HA
  2. vertigo/ blurred vision
  3. flushed face
  4. edema of lower extremities
  5. nocturia
  6. sleep apnea/fatigue
  7. personality changes
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3
Q

What BP value indicated HTN stage 2?

A

140+/ 90+

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4
Q

What BP value indicated hypertensive crisis?

A

180+ / 120+

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5
Q

What BP value indicated HTN stage 1?

A

130-139 / 80-89

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6
Q

What BP value is considered elevated?

A

120-129 / less than 80

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7
Q

What are 7 health complications seen with HTN?

A
  1. angina pectoris
  2. stroke
  3. hypertrophy/heart failure
  4. MI
  5. PAD of legs
  6. renal insufficiency
  7. retinopathy
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8
Q

What 3 organs are primarily affected by HTN?

A
  1. CVS
  2. Brain
  3. Kidneys
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9
Q

What are 8 things to avoid when treating clients with HTN? (CI and precautions)

A
  1. Increasing venous return
  2. local tissue damage
  3. medication interactions
  4. full body hydro or lymphatic drainage
  5. torso tx for mod to severe HTN
  6. prolonged pain techniques
  7. stim, deep pressure or long stroking techniques
  8. prolonged elevation of legs above heart
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10
Q

Where does pain primarily refer during a MI?

A

Shoulder, down arm and along back and sternum.

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11
Q

What are 8 SSx of congestive heart failure?

A
  1. edema, ascites (+ common)
  2. unexplained weight gain (+ common)
  3. SOB (+ common)
  4. decrease exercise capacity (extreme fatigue -+ common)
  5. nocturia
  6. nausea
  7. cough
  8. white or pink phlegm
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12
Q

What is congestive heart failure?

A

the inability of the heart to provide sufficient output to meet the demands of the body.

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13
Q

How does right side heart failure present compared to left side heart failure?

A

right side = Rocks the body with fluid: peripheral edema

left side = Lung fluid: pulmonary edema

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14
Q

What are 4 ADL modifications for those with CHF?

A
  1. quit smoking
  2. control insulin
  3. weight loss/ regular exercise
  4. lower BP and cholesterol
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15
Q

What can jugular vein distension, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly all indicate?

A

Congestive heart failure

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16
Q

What hormone secretion from the brain is increased with CHF?

A

ADH (aka vassopressin)

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17
Q

What is another term for shortness of breath?

A

orthopnea

18
Q

What will the kidneys start to retain with CHF?

A

sodium and water

19
Q

What amount of weight gain is concerning for indicating CHF?

A

over 3lbs in 1 day or 7lbs in 7 days

20
Q

What causes cardiac pump failure in regards to CHF?

A

coronary artery disease or HTN - both weaken heart pump over time.

21
Q

What are 4 common predisposing risk factors for CHF?

A
  1. diabetes
  2. coronary heart disease
  3. previous heart attack
  4. recreational drug use/xs alcohol intake
22
Q

What are 4 Hx related questions to ask someone with CHF?

A
  1. “experience pain at rest?”
  2. “most recent MD visit?” (evidence of CHF, you must talk to their doctor)
  3. “respiratory status?”
  4. “activity, fitness level, general health?”
23
Q

What are 4 specific observations when assessing someone with CHF?

A
  1. edema
  2. tissue health (dry, cracked, fragile/compromised skin)
  3. extremity coloration from poor arterial supply or hypoxia (cyanosis, grey, white skin)
  4. dyspnea/pulmonary edema
24
Q

What are trigger point muscles referrals to be aware of with CHF?

A
  1. pec major and minor
  2. SA
  3. scalenes
  4. scapular
    (MI referrals)
25
Q

5 overall special tests for CHF?

A
  1. BP
  2. skin integrity
  3. pulse rate
  4. central: respiratory status
  5. peripheral based tests.
26
Q

What are 6 special tests related to peripheral CHF?

A
  1. capillary refill
  2. Allen’s test
  3. manual compression
  4. leg raise for varicose veins
  5. pitted edema test
  6. Homan’s test
27
Q

What are 4 palpation points to look for with CHF?

A
  1. pulse rate/quality - check bilaterally
  2. temp of extremities and core
  3. clamminess (sweating due to sympathetic/reflexive changes)
  4. edema (pitting?)- location and extent of it
28
Q

What are 5 goals for central CVD treatment?

A
  1. decrease stress
  2. decrease workload on the heart
  3. decrease SNS firing
  4. decrease BP
  5. increase QOL
29
Q

What should you avoid in regards to the hearts workload when treating someone with central CVD?

A

do not increase the workload!

30
Q

If BP is uncontrolled what position should you avoid when working with central CVD?

A

PRONE - if BP uncontrolled

31
Q

What technique type should be avoided when treating someone with CHF?

A

Manual lymph drainage

32
Q

What are two major external signs to be aware of if suspecting CHF?

A
  1. labored, wet breathing

2. observed right side edema

33
Q

Should you work distal to edema if the pt has central CVD?

A

NOPE - avoid work distal to edema

34
Q

Is diaphragmatic breathing safe to introduce when working with someone with CCVD?

A

NOPE - avoid overworking the heart.

35
Q

What position is best when treating a pt with CCVD?

A

Semi-fowlers or right side lying to avoid compression of ab aorta/intra thoracic pressure

36
Q

When treating someone with CCVD should techniques be fast or slow?

A

Slow, gentle and short segmental strokes is best- no stim techniques

37
Q

What is the safest treatment speed and location for someone with severe CV issues?

A

rhythmic and relaxing tx of feet

38
Q

Should you start peripherally or centrally when treating someone with CCVD?

A

start in periphery to relax peripheral bv’s, reducing BP.

39
Q

What 3 technique categories would be safe to perform on a pt with CCVD?

A
  1. MFR - depending on tissue health
  2. PROM, stretching, joint mobs (if indicated)
  3. Swedish/petrissage modified to short and segmental strokes.
40
Q

What are 3 rules when giving hydrotherapy to a client with CCVD?

A
  1. no full body hydro
  2. no systemic heat
  3. local hydro for short intervals and modified temp (careful w. heat d/t impaired sensation)
41
Q

Why do we avoid diaphragmatic breathing with client who have CCVD?

A

DB helps act as a pump - this is bad because it will increase venous return; calm slow breath is preferred if they are apical breathers.

42
Q

What are 6 RED FLAGS around CCVD?

A
  1. denial
  2. medications
  3. scarring
  4. surgical hx
  5. family hx
  6. risk factors

SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS (7 decks)

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