CV-B-005: Eicosanoids + CVB6+7

Question 1

eicosanoids definition

Answer 1

• family of closely related derivatives of hypothetical C20 molecule named prostanoic acid

Question 2

Types of eicosanoids

Answer 2

• prostaglandin
• leukotrienes
• thromboxane
• prostacyclin

Question 3

biological functions of prostaglandins

Answer 3

• mediate inflammation, pain and fever
• regulate blood flow - clot formation
• modulate hormone prod and immune resp

Question 4

Biomedical implications of prostaglandin

Answer 4

• inflammatory disorders (arthritis, colitis)
• CV health (BP reg)
• pain management

Question 5

Therapeutic role of prostaglandins

Answer 5

• NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen) for pain and inflammation
• prostaglandin analogs ( e.g. misoprostol) to prevent gastric ulcers

Question 6

Leukotrines biomedical function

Answer 6

• enhance inflammation and immune resp
• promote bronchoconstriction in asthma
• play a role in allergic reactions

Question 7

Leukotrienes biomedical implications

Answer 7

• asthma and allergic diseases
• inflammatory disorders (eg psoriasis)
• immune regulation

Question 8

Therapeutic tole of leukotrienes

Answer 8

• leukotriene receptor antagonists (eg montelukast) for asthma and allergies
• 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (eg zileuton) for asthma therapy

Question 9

thromboxane biological functions

Answer 9

• promote platelet aggregation and blood clotting
• regulate blood vessel constriction and BP

Question 10

thromboxane biomedical implications

Answer 10

• thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases
• hypertension and vasoconstriction
• stroke prevention

Question 11

thromboxane therapeutic role

Answer 11

• antiplatelet drugs (eg aspirim, clopidogrel) for preventing clot formatiom
• thromboxane receptor antagonists (eg seratodast) in certain cardiovascular conditions

Question 12

prostacyclin biomedical functions

Answer 12

• vasodilation: it widens blood vessels, lowering BP
• inhibition of platelet aggregation: prevents blood clots by stopping platelets from clumping

Question 13

prostacyclin biomedical implications

Answer 13

• low prostacyclin levels linked to HTN, atherosclerosis and heart attacks

Question 14

prostacyclin therapeutic role

Answer 14

anti thrombotic therapy:
- prostacyclin analogs prevent blood clots, reducing risk of heart attack and strokes

Question 15

role of TXA2

Answer 15

promotes thrombus formation

Question 16

Atherosclerosis

Answer 16

• chronic condition: build up of lipids cholesterol and cellular waste in arterial walls cause plaque build up

Question 17

effects of atherosclerosis

Answer 17

• narrowing and hardening of arteries, reduced blood flow
• angina, heart attack, stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Question 18

What increases risk of atherosclerosis

Answer 18

• elevated LDL due to lifestyle diet or genetic factors

Question 19

LDL oxidation

Answer 19

• oxidative modification of LDL in arterial walls
• oxidises LDL more atherogenic
• readily taken up by macrophages to form foam cells - key contirbuters to plaque development