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Block 2 Week 3 > CV Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

CV Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q 
What do these do?
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Phentolamine
Prazosin
Carvadilol
A

sympatholytics (block)

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2
Q 
What do these do?
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Isoproterenol
Dobutamine
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Clonidine
Tyramine
A

sympathomimetics

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3
Q

What do these do?
Acetycholine
Digoxin?

A

cholinomimetics (parasympathetic agonists)

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4
Q

What do these do?
Atropine
Trimethaphan

A

cholinolytics (block)

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5
Q

What type of receptors are found in smooth muscle (blood vessels, eye, gut, bladder)?

A

alpha 1

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6
Q

What type of receptors cause Formation of IP3 (increase intracellular Ca2+), DAG (activate PKC)?

A

alpha 1

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7
Q

What type of receptors are found in presynaptic nerve terminals, smooth muscle (blood vessels)

A

alpha 2

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8
Q

What type of receptors cause inhibition of neuronal Ca2+ channels; inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (decrease cAMP)

A

alpha 2

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9
Q

What type of receptors are found in cardiac myocytes, juxtaglomerular cells (kidney)

A

beta 1

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10
Q

What type of receptors cause Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP

A

beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

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11
Q

What type of receptors are found in smooth muscle (airways, blood vessels), ciliary body epithelium (eye), cardiac muscle

A

Beta 2

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12
Q

What type of receptors are found in adipocytes?

A

beta 3

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13
Q

What type of muscarininc receptors are found in cardiac muscle?

A

M2

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14
Q

What type of muscarinic receptor Activate K+ channels (hyperpolarization), inhibit adenylyl cyclase (decrease cAMP)?

A

M2

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15
Q

*Sinoatrial node
Sympathetic activation of β1 adrenergic receptors has a (blank) effect

Parasympathetic activation of M2 muscarinic receptors has a (blank) effect

A

positive chronotropic effect (increases heart rate) negative chronotropic effect (decreases heart rate)

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16
Q

*Atrioventricular node
Sympathetic activation of β1 adrenergic receptors has a (blank) effect.
Parasympathetic activation of M2 muscarinic receptors has a (blank) effect

A

positive dromotropic effect (increases conduction velocity)

negative dromotropic effect (decreases conduction velocity)

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17
Q

*Ventricular muscle
Sympathetic activation of β1 adrenergic receptors has a (blank) effect

Parasympathetic activation of M2 muscarinic receptors (blank) sympathetic responses. In the absence of sympathetic tone, parasympathetic activation has little or no effect on the ventricles.

A

positive inotropic effect (increases contractility)

antagonizes

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18
Q

*Blood Vessels

Sympathetic activation

α1 adrenergic receptors cause (blank)

β2 adrenergic receptors cause (blank)

A

vascular smooth muscle contraction and constriction of blood vessels.

relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels.

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19
Q

(blank) activation has little or no effect on most blood vessels. Exceptions include blood vessels of the face, tongue, genitals and urinary tract, where (blank) stimulation causes relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation.

A

Parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

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20
Q

(blank) mostly just helps with total peripheral resistance with blood vessels.

A

parasympathetics

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21
Q

What is a non-selective antagonist for A1, A2, B1, B2, D1?

A

carvedilol

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22
Q

What is a selective antagonist for alpha 1 receptors?

A

prazosin

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23
Q

What is a selective antagonist for alpha 2 receptors?

A

yohimbine

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24
Q

What is nonselective agonist of alpha receptors?

A

oxymetazoline

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25
What is a selective agonist for alpha 1 receptors?
phenylephrine
26
What is a selective agonist for alpha 2 receptors?
clonidine
27
What is a nonselective agonist for beta receptors?
isoproterenol
28
What is a selective agonist for beta 1 receptors?
dobutamine
29
What is a selective agonist for beta 2 receptors?
terbutaline
30
What is a selective agonist for D1 receptors?
fenoldopam
31
B2 receptors are more susceptible to (blank)
epinephrine
32
Norepinephrine is more susceptible to (blank)
beta 1 and alpha 1 receptors
33
Which would you want to utilize more for vasoconstrction and dilation; epinephrine or norepinephrine?
epinephrine
34
Norepinephrine likes the 1 receptors or the 2's?
the 1's
35
Does epinephrine have a higher affinity for betas or alphas?
betas
36
Does isoproterenol have more of an affinity for alphas or betas?
betas
37
Does phenylephrine have more of an affinity for a's or b's and 1 or 2?
alpha 1 then alpha 2
38
Does clonidine like alpha or betas better and 1 or 2?
alpha 2 then alpha 1
39
What do you use for: | severe hypotension; septic shock
norepinephrine
40
What do you use for: | anaphylactic shock; cardiogenic shock; cardiac arrest; local vasoconstriction
Epinephrine
41
What do you use for: | cardiogenic shock; bradycardia; atrioventricular block
isoproterenol
42
What do you use for: | acute heart failure; cardiogenic shock
dobutamine
43
What do you use for: | acute heart failure; cardiogenic shock; acute renal failure
dopamine
44
What do you use for: | topical vasoconstriction; shock; autonomic testing
phenylephrine
45
What do you use for: | hypertension
clonidine
46
(blank) is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow.
shock
47
What are the major classes of shock?
hypovolemic, cardiogenic,vasodilatory
48
What is shock due to weakened heart?
cardiogenic
49
What is shock do to lack of blood?
hypovolemic
50
What is shock such as septic or anaphylaxic due to vasodilation?
vasodilatory shock
51
(blank) causes an increase in diastolic and systolic pressure, increase in MAP, increase in SV, PP but decrease in heart rate, increase TPR.
norepinephrine
52
What is the equation for CO?
Co=MAP/TPR
53
What s the equation for SV?
SV=CO/HR
54
MAP= (blank) X SV X (Blank)
HR X SV X TPR
55
What will affect pacemaker activity?
B1
56
What will effect SV and ventricular contraction?
B1
57
What will effect TPR and vascular tone?
A1 and B2
58
What will effect systolic pressure?
A1 and B2
59
Whats going to affect diastolic pressure?
A1 and B2
60
Whats going to affect pulse pressure?
B1 receptors
61
What does isproterenol do?
it lowers diastolic pressure, decrease of TPR, Increased heart rate, systolic is variable, increase in stroke volume, decrease in MAP
62
What does norepinephrine do?
Systolic and diastolic increase, increased peripheral resistance, decrease heart rate
63
Epinephrine acts like isoproterenol when it has (blank) dose due to its higher affinity for beta receptors
low
64
What does epinephrine act like at high doses?
like norepinephrine
65
What does epinephrine do?
decreases in diastolic pressure and reduction in TPR, increase heart rate
66
Low dose epinephrine exhibits greater (blank)(isoproterenol-like) effects.
beta-adrenergic
67
High dose epinephrine exhibits greater (blank) (norepinephrine-like) effects
alpha-adrenergic
68
phenylephrine is a selective (blank)
alpha 1 agonist
69
What do beta receptors do?
decease diastolic pressure and increase heart rate
70
What do alpha receptors do?
increase systolic pressure
71
How can you tell the difference between EPI and Phenylephrine?
Epinephrine will have beta effects so you will get a decrease in diastolic pressure
72
If you have a decrease in heart rate what can you expect the drug to be?
norepinephrine
73
If you have an increase in heart rate, an increase in systolic but a decrease in diastolic pressure what can you assume the drug is?
epinephrine
74
If you have an increase in heart rate, a decrease in diastolic and systolic pressure then what drug is at work?
Isoproterenol
75
What drug will give you an increase in systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, MAP, and a derease in heart rate?
norepinephrine
76
What drug will give you an increase in systolic, decrease in diastolic, increase in pulse pressure, increase in MAP, increase in HR
Epi (low dose)
77
What drug will give you an increase in systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, MAP
Epi (high dose)
78
What drug will give you a decrease in diastolic, increase in pulse pressure, decrease in MAP, and increase in HR?
Isoproterenol
79
What drug will give you increase in systolic, diastolic, MAP and decrease in HR?
phenylephrine
80
What determines diastolic pressure?
TPR
81
(blank) produces dose dependent effects
Dopamine
82
Low doses of (blank) activate D1 receptors, increasing renal blood flow
dopamine
83
Intermediate doses of (blank) can activate beta receptors increasing cardiac output
dopamine
84
What will high doses of dopamine do?
activate alpha receptores (increase TPR and MAP)
85
Contractile forces is indicative of (blank)
Beta 1 receptors
86
When you go into hypovolemic shock what do you want to do?
utilize sympathetic reflex to increase vasoconstriction to attempt to maintain BP
87
In vasodilatory shock what happens?
you get dilation of blood vessels which decrease TPR which decreases MAP, poor perfusion to organs
88
When you have cardiogenic shock what happens?
sympathetic response increase and leads to vasoconstriction to try and restore BP, but has low CO-> elevated Venous pressure which leads to edema
89
When you have cardiogenic shock do you want a vasodilatory or vasoconstriction?
vasodilator and increased contractility (dobutamine)
90
Why is clonidine used to treat hypertension?
alpha 2 regulate exocytosis so they can inhibit release of norepinephrine and decreases sympathetic tone.
91
(blank) can activate presynpatic α2 receptors | inhibiting sympathetic neurotransmitter release
Clonidine
92
(blank) effects in the central nervous system also decrease sympathetic tone
Clonidine
93
What is an indirect acting sympathomimetic that is taken up into postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals by NET and when combined with MAO inhibitors can cause hypertensive crisis?
Tyramine
94
What is used for severe hypertension and pheochromocytoma?
phentolamine
95
What is used for hypertension?
prazosin
96
What is used for hypertension, angina, cadiac arrhythmias?
propranolol
97
What is used for hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure?
metoprolol
98
What is used for hypertension and heart failure?
carvadilol
99
What is an antagonist for alpha receptors?
phentolamine
100
What is a antagonist for Alpha 1 receptors (most) and alpha 2?
prazosin
101
What is a beta antagonist and likes beta ones the most?
metoprolol
102
What is an alpha 1 antagonist> beta 1 antagonist >beta 2 antagonist
carvadilol
103
What happens to epinephrine after it is given an alpha blocker?
it will exhibit reversal of the mean blood pressure to a net decrease due to the beta response
104
What happens to phenylephrine after it is given an alpha blocker
The response is suppressed but not reversed
105
(blank) enhances alpha-adrenergic response to high dose epinephrine
Beta blockade
106
If you add an alpha blocker to epinephrine what happens?
systolic pressure drops
107
When blood pressure falls in the kidney what happens?
renin is released which turns into angiotensinogen then to angiotensin I then Angiotensin II which causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion which causes increased blood volume
108
(blank) antagonists can reduce blood pressure by inhibiting renin secretion.
β1 receptor
109
(blank) can also reduce blood pressure by decreasing HR and SV
β1 receptor antagonists
110
(blank) = HR x SV x TPR
MAP
111
(blank) contribute to a decrease in myocardial work and oxygen consumption, which makes these compounds effective in treating angina.
Beta 1 receptor antagonists
112
β1 receptor antagonists (metoprolol) and non-selective α1/β1 antagonists (carvedilol) are also effective in treating (blank) by mechanisms that are not entirely clear.
heart failure
113
What is a Nm antagonist?
d-tubocurarine
114
What is a Nn antagonist?
trimethaphan
115
What is a M antagonist?
atropine
116
What is a Nm and Nn agonist?
nicotine
117
What is a M agonist?
bethanechol
118
What is an endogenous neutrotransmitter of cholinergic receptors?
acetylcholine
119
When do you use digoxin?
in atrial fibrillation
120
Even though most blood vessels do not receive (blank) input, acetylcholine can cause vasodilation
parasympathetic
121
Why isnt Ach used to regulate vascular tone and cause vasodilation?
Cuz it doesnt live long in the blood stream and has a lot of nonspecific effects
122
What does this: Inhibits NA K Atpase so you wont rid the cell of calcium so you will get more calcium in the cells and get greater force of contraction. Used in A fib.
digoxin/digitalis
123
(blank) can act centrally to increase parasympathetic tone.
Digoxin
124
(blank) reduces AV conduction to make sure that this doesn’t occur by increasing parasympathetic tone to reduce ventricular rate.
digoxin
125
What cholinolytic is used in bradycardia and heart block?
atropine
126
What cholinolytic is used in hypertensive crisis?
trimethaphan
127
(blank) will increase heart rate and increase AV nodal conduction by blocking parasympathetic stimulation of the heart but it will also block basal parasympathetic effects on all other organ systems producing a significant number of unwanted side effects.
Atropine
128
What are the only 2 organs that have predominant sympathetic tone?
blood vessels, sweat glands
129
(blank) blocks Nn which will block predominate resting tone of organs i.e block vasosympathetic tone to blood vessels to create vasodiliation to help with hypertensive crisis but has a lot of bad side effects.
Trimethaphan
130
(blank) can reduce blood pressure by blocking sympathetic effects on blood vessels but it will also block basal parasympathetic effects on all other organ systems producing a significant number of unwanted side effects
Trimethaphan

Block 2 Week 3 (9 decks)

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