CV 2 chronic venous insuficcieny, reynaud disease, aneurism Flashcards
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
= VENOUS STASIS ( def. as inadequate return of venous blood over a long period of time).
Chronic vein insufficiency causes:
I) - post DVT = deep vein thrombosis = partial occlusion or complete occlusion of a vein by thrombus (clot) with a secondary INNFLAMMATION reaction in the wall of the vein (thrombophlebitis)
II) - varicose vein = abnormal dilation of veins, usually saphenous vein, leading to tortuosity ( twisting and turning) of the vessel + valve incompentence + propensity of thrombosis)
III) - neoplasm in pelvis = pelvic tumor
CVI (chronic venous insufficiency)- etiology
occurs when damaged or destroyed valves in the vein cause decreased venous return => increased venous pressure ( venous HTN = EDEMA + reddish brown pigmentation) + venous stasis ( causes reduced oxygenation => necrotic tissue. All this will also cause delayed healing due to poor blood circulation and high infection.
CVI - S/S
progressive EDEMA of leg = hardened, expressed by thickening brown pigmentation
- thickening brown pigmentation of ANKLE
- venous stasis = ulceration
- venous insufficiency = 80% of ulcers, above Medial malleolus, bc. here is greater venous HTN,
CVI -s/s - venous ulcers
- normally near medial malleolus
- superficial slough over granulation tissue ( a new vascular tissue formation over the ulcer, is red in color over black ulcer)
- painful
- moderate to sever drainage
- skin is:THIN, SHINY, CIANOTIC, CELLULITIS, DRY
CVI - Dx
ABI
CVI -tx
gold standard = compression therapy ( bandages, gradient compression stockings, pumps)
- rest
-elevation
Goals: - increase venous return and to reduce edema
- surgery: angioplasty/stent
- wound care
Raynauds disease = vasomotor disorder
= intermittent SMALL Artery Constriction of the extremities w. temporary PALLOR and Cyanosis of the fingers and toes, caused by coled temp. and high emotions
Raynauds incidence
80% women 20-49yo
secondary to another disease or NEOPLAS
Raynauds sx/dx/tx
-vasoconstriction/vasospasm =. deoxygenated blood pool
sx; nail beds brittle, fingertips roughned (usually bilateral) if unilateral suspect of neoplasm
- dx: clinical presentation and PMH
-tx: manage symptoms and PT
Chronic regional pain syndrome
= chronic pain of body , usually following trauma or injury
chronic regional pain syndrome- sx, incidence, dx,tx
Sx: SKIN COLOR, SWELLING, TEMP. CHANGES IN EXTREMITIES, ALLODNIA ( PAIN RESULTING FROM A STIMULUS WHICH USUALLY DOES NOT CAUSE PAIN)
Other; stiffness in joints, decreased musculature coordination, dystonia, tremors
women ,
aneurysm
weakened arterial wall dilation (abnormal stretching) by at least 50% greater than normal
false aneurism happens
when the wall of vessel is ruptured and blood excapes into surrounding tissues forming a clot.
aneurism: - etiology, RF, common sites
etiolpgy: - congenital, infection or atherosclerosis
Rf: - men, HTN,>50yo, fam . member, Marfan Syndrome
Common sites: Thoracic aneurism ( men), Abdominal aneurism, peripheral arterial (popliteal, femoral) and Intracranial
