Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perception > Cutaneous senses - chapter 15 > Flashcards

Cutaneous senses - chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cutaneous senses

A

everything we feel through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happened to Ian Waterman

A

due to an autoimmune reaction, he lost the ability to feel skin sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what were some of Waterman’s disabilities

A

could not grasp objects, could not sense the position of his limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what sensations did Waterman still have

A

pain and differences in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 parts of the somatosensory system

A

cutaneous senses, proprioception, and kinesthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the cutaneous senses

A

perception of touch and pain from skin stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is proprioception

A

awareness of where your body is in space (position of limbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is kinesthesis

A

ability to sense movement of the body and limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the heaviest organ in the body

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin (outermost to innermost)

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are mechanoreceptors

A

receptors that respond to mechanical stimulation (pressure, stretching, vibration, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which two mechanoreceptors are located close to the surface of the skin

A

Merkel and Meissner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do the Merkel and Meissner receptors have small or large receptive fields

A

small because they are located to close to the skin’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the cutaneous receptive field

A

area of the skin that when stimulated influences the firing of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what kind of fibre is the Merkel receptor

A

slowly adapting fibre (SA1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the Merkel receptor’s response to stimulation

A

constant firing until stimulus is removed (SA1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of nerve fibre is the Meissner receptor

A

rapidly adapting fibre (RA1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the Meissner receptor’s response to stimulation?

A

it fires once the stimulus is first applied and when it’s removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the Merkel receptor perceptually responsible for

A

sensing fine details, shape, and texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the Meissner receptor perceptually responsible for

A

controlling hand-grip and perceiving motion across the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what 2 mechanoreceptors are located deep in the skin

A

Ruffini cylinder and Pacinian corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the similarity between the Merkel receptor and the Ruffini cylinder

A

they are both slowly adapting fibres (ruffini cylinder = SA2 and they both constantly fire to stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the similarity between the Pacinian corpuscle and the Meissner receptor

A

both rapidly adapting fibre (Pacinian corpuscle = RA2) and they both fire only when the stimulus is first applied and removed

24
Q

do the Ruffini cylinder and the Pacinian cylinder have small or large receptive fields

A

large because they are located deep in the skin

25
Q

what is the Ruffini cylinder perceptually responsible for

A

perceiving stretching of the skin

26
Q

what is the Pacinian corpuscle perceptually responsible for

A

sensing rapid vibrations and fine texture

27
Q

signals from the body are transmitted where first

A

the spinal cord

28
Q

how many segments does the spinal cord have

A

31

29
Q

how does the spinal cord receive signals

A

the dorsal root

30
Q

signals from the spinal cord are transmitted to the brain along which 2 major pathways

A

medial lemniscal pathway and spinothalamic pathway

31
Q

what kind of fibres does the medial lemniscal pathway have and what kind of signals does it carry

A

this pathway has large fibres (high speed) and they carry signals related to proprioception and touch

32
Q

what kind of fibres does the spinothalamic pathway have and what kind of signals does it carry

A

small fibres and they carry signals related to pain and temp

33
Q

which pathway from the spinal cord to the brain was damaged in Ian Waterman’s case

A

the medial lemniscal pathway

34
Q

what happens to the fibres from both pathways in their journey from the spinal cord to the brain

A

they cross over (contralaterally) and synapse in the thalamus

35
Q

what part of the thalamus do fibres from the cutaneous senses synapse in

A

ventrolateral nucleus

36
Q

what are the 2 areas that receive signals from the thalamus and which lobe are they located in

A

primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) located in the parietal lobe

37
Q

what is an important characteristic of the somatosensory cortex

A

it is organized into maps that correspond to locations on the body

38
Q

what is the Jacksonian march

A

Hughlings Jackson observed that in some seizures it starts in one place and spreads to neighbouring body parts until the whole body is affected (progressed in an orderly manner)

39
Q

what is the homunculus and what does it represent

A

it is a body map of the cortex that shows adjacent parts of the skin project onto adjacent parts of the brain and some areas of the skin are represented by disproportionately large brain areas

40
Q

what is tactile acuity

A

the capacity to detect details of stimuli presented to the skin

41
Q

what is the two-point threshold

A

the minimum separation between 2 points on the skin for them to be perceived as two points

42
Q

how is grating acuity measured

A

by pressing a grooved stimulus onto the skin and asking the person to indicate the orientation of the grating

43
Q

what is raised pattern identification

A

pushing raised patterns (ex: letters) onto the skin and seeing the smallest-sized pattern/letter that can be identified

44
Q

there is a high density of which receptor in the fingertips

A

Merkel receptor (details)

45
Q

which mechanoreceptor is primarily responsible for sensing vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

46
Q

which theory did Katz (1925) propose

A

the duplex theory of texture perception

47
Q

what is the duplex theory of texture perception

A

our perception of texture depends on spatial and temporal cues

48
Q

what are spatial cues

A

relatively large spatial elements that can be felt when skin moves against it and when the skin is pressed on the elements

49
Q

give an example of spatial cues

A

braille

50
Q

what are temporal cues

A

fine texture (vibrations) can only be detected when our fingers are moving along its surface

51
Q

give an example of temporal cues

A

sandpaper

52
Q

what is active touch

A

touch where a person actively explores an object with their fingers/hands

53
Q

what is passive touch

A

when touch stimuli is applied to the skin

54
Q

what is haptic perception

A

perception where you explore 3-D objects with your fingers/hands (active touch)

55
Q

haptic perception involves which 3 systems

A

sensory(detecting touch sensations on fingers), motor(moving fingers/hands), and cognitive (thinking about the info provided from sensory and motor systems)

Perception (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions