Customs of the Tagalogs Flashcards
A Spanish Friar for the Franciscan order who was in the Philippines for most of his missionary life
JUAN DE PLASENCIA
Juan De Plasencia wrote several religious and linguistic books including _______
The Customs of the Tagalogs
What was the first book ever printed in the Philippines?
Doctrina Cristiana
What is the real name of Juan De Plasencia?
Juan Portocarrero
male attire was composed of the _____ (sleeveless jacket) and _____ (loincloth)
kanggan and bahag
The color of the kanggan indicates rank. What are those?
- red for the chief
- black or blue for the commoners
men also wear a turban called ____, which also tell the social status/achievement of the individual wearing it
putong
female attire consisted of ____ or ____ (jacket with sleeves) and ____ or _____ (a long skirt)
baro;camisa and saya;patadyong
some women wore a piece of red or white cloth on top of their skirt called _____
tapis
What does men and women wear to look attractive?
ornaments
What were also fashionable for some pre-colonial Filipinos; and exhibits a man’s war record
Tattoos
term coined by the Spaniards for the Visayans
Islas del Pintados
the society was made up of three classes:
- nobles (datu and their families)
- mahadlika or maharlika (freemen)
- alipin (dependents)
Members of nobility were titled as ____
gat and lakan
What is the status of women in pre-colonial philippine society?
- women had the right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of the barangay in the absence of a male heir
- had the only right to name their children
- men walked behind them as a sign of respect
courtship usually begins with _____
paninilbihan
If the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not immediately marry the woman, but he has to satisfy several conditions:
- give a dowry or bigay-kaya
- pay the panghihimuyat
- pay the wet nurse bigay-suso
- pay the parents himaraw
- bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the Zambals)
weddings of upperclass were officiated by _____
priestess or babaylan
What is thrown on the couple after the
wedding ceremony?
Uncooked rice
what marriage were allowed in pre-colonial society?
mixed marriage
legitimate children inherits what?
their parents’ property even without any written will and was divided equally among the children
children of what are given freedom and others?
children of dependent mothers
who inherits the property of childless couples?
nearest relative
what is the unit of government called?
barangay/balangay
barangays were headed by chieftains called ____
datu
other than being the chief executive what other roles does the datu have?
the legislator, and the judge, and the supreme commander in times of war
alliances among barangays were formalized in a ritual called ____
sangduguan
guilty of crimes were punished by
either fine or death
how to determine the innocence of an accused?
he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass
examples of ordeals he must pass:
- dipping one’s hand in boiling water
- holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished
- plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long as possible
- chewing uncooked rice and spitting
pre-colonial Filipinos believed in?
the immortality of the soul and in life after death
they also believed in the existence of a number of gods, like:
- Bathalang Maykapal (Creator)
- dinayale (god of agriculture)
- Sidapa (god of death)
- Balangaw (rainbow god)
diseases were thought to be caused by?
the temper of the environmental spirits
What did the Spaniard noted when they came to the Philippines?
Cebu and Palawan were abundant in many agricultural foodstuffs
agricultural productivity was enhancea by use of irrigation ditches like
Ifugao Rice Terraces
landholding was either _____ and _____
- public (less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone)
- private (rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus)
less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone
public landholding
rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus
private landholding
what is fermented sap of palm trees ?
liquor called tuba
was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers and lakes
Fishing
home industry that was dominated by women
weaving
weaving uses:
crude wooden looms, textiles such as
sinamay from hemp, mearinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk
was conducted between or among barangays, or even among the islands
trade/trading
sometimes, goods were priced in terms of
gold or metal gongs
Philippine pre-colonial culture was basically _____
Malayan in structure and form
there are more than one hundred languages in the Philippines, eight of which are considered major languages.
They are:
Tagalog
Iloko
Pangasinan
Pampangan
Sugbuhanon
Hiligaynon
Samarnon or Samar-Leyte, and Magindanao
our languages are descended from ______ or ______
Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian language
before the arrival of the Spaniards, Filipinos used a ______
syllabary (probably a Sanskrit or Arabic provenance)
pre-colonial literature may be classified into :
floating or oral and written literature
most of the pre-colonial drama was held in the ______
sambahan or places of worship
dramas developed into different forms such as:
the pagbati, karagatan, tagayan, pananapatan, sabalan, and tibaw
the karagatan was a debate in verse in which a problem is resolved; it developed into the ____ during the Spanish period and then into the _____ in 1924 during the American period
duplo, balagtasan
first glimpse of art can be seen in?
primitive tools and weapons that were polished along the lines of leaves and petals of flowers
