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RPH > Customs of the Tagalogs > Flashcards

Customs of the Tagalogs Flashcards

1
Q

A Spanish Friar for the Franciscan order who was in the Philippines for most of his missionary life

A

JUAN DE PLASENCIA

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2
Q

Juan De Plasencia wrote several religious and linguistic books including _______

A

The Customs of the Tagalogs

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3
Q

What was the first book ever printed in the Philippines?

A

Doctrina Cristiana

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4
Q

What is the real name of Juan De Plasencia?

A

Juan Portocarrero

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5
Q

male attire was composed of the _____ (sleeveless jacket) and _____ (loincloth)

A

kanggan and bahag

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6
Q

The color of the kanggan indicates rank. What are those?

A
  • red for the chief
  • black or blue for the commoners
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7
Q

men also wear a turban called ____, which also tell the social status/achievement of the individual wearing it

A

putong

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8
Q

female attire consisted of ____ or ____ (jacket with sleeves) and ____ or _____ (a long skirt)

A

baro;camisa and saya;patadyong

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9
Q

some women wore a piece of red or white cloth on top of their skirt called _____

A

tapis

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10
Q

What does men and women wear to look attractive?

A

ornaments

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11
Q

What were also fashionable for some pre-colonial Filipinos; and exhibits a man’s war record

A

Tattoos

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12
Q

term coined by the Spaniards for the Visayans

A

Islas del Pintados

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13
Q

the society was made up of three classes:

A
  • nobles (datu and their families)
  • mahadlika or maharlika (freemen)
  • alipin (dependents)
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14
Q

Members of nobility were titled as ____

A

gat and lakan

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15
Q

What is the status of women in pre-colonial philippine society?

A
  • women had the right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of the barangay in the absence of a male heir
  • had the only right to name their children
  • men walked behind them as a sign of respect
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16
Q

courtship usually begins with _____

A

paninilbihan

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17
Q

If the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not immediately marry the woman, but he has to satisfy several conditions:

A
  • give a dowry or bigay-kaya
  • pay the panghihimuyat
  • pay the wet nurse bigay-suso
  • pay the parents himaraw
  • bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the Zambals)
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18
Q

weddings of upperclass were officiated by _____

A

priestess or babaylan

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19
Q

What is thrown on the couple after the
wedding ceremony?

A

Uncooked rice

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20
Q

what marriage were allowed in pre-colonial society?

A

mixed marriage

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21
Q

legitimate children inherits what?

A

their parents’ property even without any written will and was divided equally among the children

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22
Q

children of what are given freedom and others?

A

children of dependent mothers

23
Q

who inherits the property of childless couples?

A

nearest relative

24
Q

what is the unit of government called?

A

barangay/balangay

25
Q

barangays were headed by chieftains called ____

A

datu

26
Q

other than being the chief executive what other roles does the datu have?

A

the legislator, and the judge, and the supreme commander in times of war

27
Q

alliances among barangays were formalized in a ritual called ____

A

sangduguan

28
Q

guilty of crimes were punished by

A

either fine or death

29
Q

how to determine the innocence of an accused?

A

he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass

30
Q

examples of ordeals he must pass:

A
  • dipping one’s hand in boiling water
  • holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished
  • plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long as possible
  • chewing uncooked rice and spitting
31
Q

pre-colonial Filipinos believed in?

A

the immortality of the soul and in life after death

32
Q

they also believed in the existence of a number of gods, like:

A
  • Bathalang Maykapal (Creator)
  • dinayale (god of agriculture)
  • Sidapa (god of death)
  • Balangaw (rainbow god)
33
Q

diseases were thought to be caused by?

A

the temper of the environmental spirits

34
Q

What did the Spaniard noted when they came to the Philippines?

A

Cebu and Palawan were abundant in many agricultural foodstuffs

35
Q

agricultural productivity was enhancea by use of irrigation ditches like

A

Ifugao Rice Terraces

36
Q

landholding was either _____ and _____

A
  • public (less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone)
  • private (rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus)
37
Q

less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone

A

public landholding

38
Q

rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus

A

private landholding

39
Q

what is fermented sap of palm trees ?

A

liquor called tuba

40
Q

was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers and lakes

A

Fishing

41
Q

home industry that was dominated by women

A

weaving

42
Q

weaving uses:

A

crude wooden looms, textiles such as
sinamay from hemp, mearinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk

43
Q

was conducted between or among barangays, or even among the islands

A

trade/trading

44
Q

sometimes, goods were priced in terms of

A

gold or metal gongs

45
Q

Philippine pre-colonial culture was basically _____

A

Malayan in structure and form

46
Q

there are more than one hundred languages in the Philippines, eight of which are considered major languages.
They are:

A

Tagalog
Iloko
Pangasinan
Pampangan
Sugbuhanon
Hiligaynon
Samarnon or Samar-Leyte, and Magindanao

47
Q

our languages are descended from ______ or ______

A

Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian language

48
Q

before the arrival of the Spaniards, Filipinos used a ______

A

syllabary (probably a Sanskrit or Arabic provenance)

49
Q

pre-colonial literature may be classified into :

A

floating or oral and written literature

50
Q

most of the pre-colonial drama was held in the ______

A

sambahan or places of worship

51
Q

dramas developed into different forms such as:

A

the pagbati, karagatan, tagayan, pananapatan, sabalan, and tibaw

52
Q

the karagatan was a debate in verse in which a problem is resolved; it developed into the ____ during the Spanish period and then into the _____ in 1924 during the American period

A

duplo, balagtasan

53
Q

first glimpse of art can be seen in?

A

primitive tools and weapons that were polished along the lines of leaves and petals of flowers

RPH (5 decks)

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