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Readings in Philippine History > Customs of Tagalogs and Works of Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo > Flashcards

Customs of Tagalogs and Works of Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo Flashcards

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1
Q
  • He is the author of what is believed to be the first book printed in the Philippines, the Doctrina Cristiana.
  • He was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines on 2 July 1578
  • He spent most of his missionary life in the Philippines, where he founded numerous towns in Luzon and authored several religious and linguistic books
A

Juan de Plasencia

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2
Q

What are the social class during pre-colonial period?

A
  1. Maharlikas
  2. Timawas
  3. Alipin
    - Aliping Namamahay
    - Aliping Sagigilid
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3
Q

They were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines. They belonged to the lower nobility class similar to the Timawa of the Visayan people.

A

Maharlika

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4
Q

They were the privileged intermediate class of ancient Visayan society, in between the uripon (commoners, serfs, and slaves) and the tumao (royal nobility). This class included former slaves and illegitimate children of the Maginoo class.

A

Timawa

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5
Q

They had their own houses, which were usually built on the property of their masters.

A

Aliping Namamahay

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6
Q

They are the unmarried slaves who lived in their master’s household and had no possessions.

A

Aliping Sagigilid

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7
Q

What is the male attire usually composed of?

A

Kanggan(sleeveless jacket) and bahag(loincloth)

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8
Q

What is the color of the kanggan if the male has the highest position?

A

Red

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9
Q

What is the color of the kanggan if the male has the lowest position also known as commoners?

A

Black

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10
Q

What embroidery do males wear that tells their social status /achievements

A

Putong

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11
Q

What is the female attire usually composed of? They also wear a piece of red or white cloth on top of their skirt that is called/

A
  • Baro’t or camisa(jacket with sleeves) and saya or patadyong(long skirt)
  • Tapis
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12
Q

What are the example of ornaments?

A

kalumbiga, pendants, bracelets, and leglets (these ornaments were made of gold)

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12
Q

What do men and women wear to look attractive?

A

Ornaments

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13
Q

This were also fashionable for some pre-colonial Filipinos, they also exhibit a man’s war record

A

Tattoos

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14
Q
  • it is a term coined by the Spaniards for the Visayans
  • This is what the Spaniards called the Filipinos when they first arrived in the Islands of the Philippines.
A

Las Islas de Pintados

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15
Q

This is made of wood, bamboo, and nipa palm; it was built on stilts and can be entered through ladders that can be drawn up

A

Bahay kubo

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16
Q

What are the tribes that built their houses on treetops?

A

Kalingas, Mandayas and
Bagobos

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17
Q

These tribes built their houses on boats.

A

Badjaos

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18
Q
  • What is the unit of the government during the pre-colonial period?
  • It consist of about 30-100 families
A

Barangay (Balangay)

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19
Q

Barangays were headed by a?

A

Chieftain or Datu

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20
Q
  • This was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused (called a “proband”) was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience.
  • It is a place between two parties in a dispute, either two individuals, or between an individual and a government or other organization. They, or, under certain conditions, a designated “champion” acting on their behalf, would fight, and the loser of the fight or the party represented by the losing champion was deemed guilty or liable.
A

Trial by Ordeal

21
Q

It is a payment, such as land property, monetary, cattle, or any commercial asset that the bride’s family pays to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

A

Dowry

22
Q

These are the people who believed in statues of spirits, deities, and ancestors

A

Anito belief system

23
Q

The people who believed in their nature as their god during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines were called?

A

animist

24
Q
  • the dead were placed in a wooden coffin and buried under the house
    complete with cloth, gold, and other valuable things
  • upon the death of the person, fires were made under the house, and armed
    men acted as sentinels to guard the corpse from sorcerers
A

Burial

25
Q

It symbolizes the soul’s journey to the afterlife. This ancient Filipino artifact, discovered in Palawan, Philippines, reflects the cultural identity of the ancient Filipinos through their rituals and beliefs about death and the afterlife.

A

Manunggul Jar

26
Q
  • a home industry that was dominated by women
  • using crude wooden looms, textiles such as sinamay from hemp, medrinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk, were woven
A

Weaving

27
Q

What is the goal of the KKK or the Katipunan/

A
  • To unite the Filipinos
  • To fight for their independence
28
Q

What does a Supreme Council or the Kataastaasang Sanggunian mainly composed of?

A

President, Fiscal, Secretary, Treasurer and comptroller

29
Q

What do you call the government for every province?

A

Sangguniang bayan (Provincial Council)

30
Q

What do you call the government for every town?

A

Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal council)

31
Q

This section of government decided the cases involving treachery among the members and quarrels between them.

A

Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council)

32
Q

When was the first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was organized?

A

August 1, 1892

33
Q

the first Supreme Council composed of ?

A
  • President (Supremo) –
    Deodato Arellano
  • Comptroller (Intervenor) – Andres Bonifacio
  • Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
  • Secretary –Teodoro Plata * Treasurer – Valentin Dia
34
Q
  • It was the original plan of Bonifacio to increase the membership of the Katipunan using?
  • He formed his first triangle with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another two new converts.
A

TRIANGLE SYSTEM or sistemang patatsulok

35
Q

New members were required to pay an entrance of how much ?

A

one real fuerte or twenty-five centavos

36
Q

What are the 3 grades of the Katipunan membership?

A
  • Katipun (Associate) – first grade, password was ANAK
    NG BAYAN
  • Kawal (Soldier) – second grade, password was
    GOMBURZA
  • Bayani (Patriot) – third grade, password was RIZAL
37
Q

She is credited as the only woman to lead troops in the Visayan area during the Revolution.

A

Teresa Magbanua

38
Q

She was a niece of José Rizal who contributed to the Philippine revolution in the following ways:
Traveled to Dapitan: Angelica traveled with Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan, where her uncle was exiled by the Spanish government
Joined the Katipunan: Angelica joined the Katipunan with her aunts Josefa and Trinidad, and became the fiscal of the women’s branch
Was a member of Semilla: Angelica was a member of Semilla

A

Angelica Rizal Lopez

39
Q

She was given the title “Mother of Biak-na-Bato” by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and served as its nurse and combatant. She was also cited as the “Mother of the Philippine National Red Cross” for her service to her fellow Katipuneros.

A

Trinidad Tecson

40
Q
  • She became known as “Tandang Sora” (“tandang” meaning “old”) because of her age during the Philippine Revolution.
  • Known as the “Mother of Revolution and the Katipunan”
  • She was known as the “Grand Woman of the Revolution” and the “Mother of Balintawak” for her contributions.
A

Melchora Aquino

41
Q
  • He is known as the Grand
    Old Man of Philippine Art
  • He was a portrait artist and a painter of rural landscapes
  • It was said that his paintings did not depict the true life of the Filipinos because his paintings were too idealistic and people were very happy, colorful, and clean which as we know is not the
    the true life of ‘bukirin”
  • He frequently portrayed conventional Filipino customs, culture,
    fiestas and occupations
A

Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto

42
Q
  • This painting is the Ideal Filipina Beauty
  • Filipino beauty become a
    vital symbol of the country
    wide identity
  • The colors of the
    Philippine flag is
    evident
A

Palay Maiden

43
Q

From left to right:
Mt. Atimla,
Mt. Kalisungan, Mt. Banahaw
de Lucban, Mt. Banahaw,
and Mt. Cristobal.

A

Landscape

44
Q

What did he paint in 1933

A

Reading a letter

45
Q

Who was responsible for the making of the Philippine flag?

A

Marcella Marinode
Agoncillo (on the right
side) refer as the mother
of the Philippine flag,
with the help of Lorenza
and Delfina Herbosa de
Natividad

46
Q

this painting is between Datu
Sikatuna of Bohol and
Miguel López de Legazpi, surrounded by other
conquistadors.

A

The Blood Compact

46
Q

He is a filipino painter, sculptor
and a political activist of
the Philippine Revolution
during the late 19th
century. He became one
of the first recognized
Philippine artists

A

Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta

47
Q

This is the Assimilation
with Spain, reform, equality,
modernization, and
economic improvement

A

España y Filipinas

48
Q

Paintings of Juan Luna

A

Las Damas Romana
Death of Cleopatra

Readings in Philippine History (3 decks)

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