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Separation Techniques > Current Trends > Flashcards

Current Trends Flashcards

1
Q

What does FFF stand for

A

Field Flow Fractionation

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2
Q

What is the general principle of FFF?

A

separation field (various types) applied perpendicular to the flow of sample through a channel

creates PARABOLIC flow (unequal speeds in layers flowing thru)

particles ‘fight’ against crossflow with diffusion; smaller particles have bigger diffusion coefficient

small particles -> faster flow channels
large particles -> slower flow channels
elute out at diff. rates

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3
Q

There is a ____ flow pattern in FFF

A

parabolic

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4
Q

the crossflow separation field in FFF is _____ to the channel.

A

perpendicular

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5
Q

What are typical separation fields in FFF?

A 
cross-flow stream
temp gradient
E potential
centrifugal force
gravitational force
dielectrophoretic
standing acoustic wave
mag field
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6
Q

Where does the cross flow in ASYMMETRIC FFF come from?

A

diverted from main flow, as it exits through the semi-permeable membrane at the bottom

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7
Q

compare symmetric vs asymmetric FFF:

A

symmetric: cross flow enter through porous top; exit through bottom
asymmetric: only bottom membrane is semipermeable; top is IMPERMEABLE (cross flow comes from main flow)

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8
Q

What is AF4? (AsFIFFF)

A

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation

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9
Q

What is H5F?

A

hollow fibre flow field-flow fractionation

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10
Q

What is the cross flow pattern in H5F?

A

radial (flow diverted from main flow, goes outwards through semi-permeable membrane)

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11
Q

Typical dimensions of AF4 (thickness, width/breadth, length)

A

thickness: 50-500um
breadth: 2cm
tip to tip length: 25-90 cm

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12
Q

typical channel flow rate in AF4:

A

0.1-1 mL/min

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13
Q

What detectors are usually used with FFF? (5)

A 
UV abs, 
fluorescence, 
RI, 
multiple-angle lase light scattering (MALLS), 
ICP-MS
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14
Q

the information collected from a FFF is called a _____. What are the y and x axis?

A

fractogram

y axis: detector signal
x axis: time (during separation)

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15
Q

What are the applications of FFF in food science?

A

NP analysis

fractionation/characterize food macromolecules + colloidal particles

polymer/biopolymer science

separate nanoemulsions

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16
Q

In analyzing milk protein aggregates with FFF, which would elute out first - individual particles or aggregates?

A

individual (smaller; more diffusion so faster flow rate)

17
Q

Advantages of FFF vs other separation techniques? (6)

A

no stationary phase (no breakthru/sample loss)

much larger particle size range (0.01-100um)

works w/ aqueous and organic solvent carriers (versatile)

mild conditions (good for fragile compounds)

no shape change in particles

models are available

18
Q

Can FFF replace any of the other separation techniques?

A

No

ex: GC works for smaller particle mass ranges than FFF

19
Q

What does SPLITT stand for?

A

split flow lateral transport thin

20
Q

What are ‘-omics’?

A

general term for broad discipline of science/engineering for analyzing interactions of biological info

focus on:

  1. mapping info
  2. find interaction relationships
  3. engineer networks/objects to understand + manipulate regulatory mech
  4. integrate various omic subfields
21
Q

what are ‘foodomics?’

A

study food + nutrition related sub-omics to improve consumer well-being & health

genomics + epigenomics + transcriptomics + metabolomics + proteonomics…

22
Q

What is ‘metabolomics?’

A

study of global changes in ENTIRE METABOLITE SET of cells/tissues/organs/organisms

23
Q

What aspects of food science involve a metabolome?

A

animal/plant tissue
human tissue
microbes
food products

24
Q

The typical metabolomics workflow:

A

1 . sample collection

  1. sample prep to extract metabolome
  2. Analytical platform: screen extract (LC/MS, CE/MS, GC/MS, NMR…)
  3. data treatment/stat analysis
  4. interpret results
25
Q

T/F: NMR is a non-destructive technique

A

True

26
Q

Which is best for identifying novel compounds? NMR, LC/MS, or GC/MS?

A

NMR

27
Q

applications of food metabolomics:

A

food authenticity
characterize GM foods
discover new dietary markers
identify prohibited substances

Separation Techniques (12 decks)

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