Culture + Women in Weimar Flashcards

1
Q

What was Neue Sachlichkeit?

A

New objectivity - show reality and objectivity, art should comment on society and be understood by everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was art like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Expressionism
  • George Grosz and Otto Dix
  • Highly political and critical paintings commenting on society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was Literature like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Authors shared personal experience with literature, social and political purpose
  • Utilitarianism provoked reaction from avant-grande writers, Gottfried Benn, and right wing writers
  • Erich Mariqo Remarque, ‘All Quiet on the Western Front’ challenged the ‘stab in the back’ myth.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was Music and Opera like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Zeitopera reflected modern issues from radical left perspective, Kroll Opera Berlin
  • Experimental, Schoenberg’s use of atonality within music
  • Gebrauchsmusik, music with a practical purpose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Theatre like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Zeittheater employed actors to convey critical messages of the bourgeoisie society and involve the audience
  • Drama became an explicit political art from with lots of left wing playwrights
  • Marxist Bertolt Brecht believed ‘a theatre that makes no contact with the public is nonsense’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was Architecture and Design like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Great stress on Functionalism
  • Famous school of ‘Bauhaus’ under Walter Gropius
  • Used familiar materials such as concrete (functionalism)
  • art and technology was a ‘new unity’ seeking to unite art and craft in a utilitarian approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was Radio used in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Began in 1925, 40 million. listeners by 1930
  • Controlled by the state
  • 1950 4 million sets
  • New music and plays sometime created just for radio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was Dance like in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • 40 theatres, 120 newspapers and magazines challenged Paris as the cultural centre of Europe
  • Nightclubs, naked dancing, subversive songs and homosexuality
  • Charleston became popular showing mechanisation and democratisation of life
  • Cabaret mainly in Berlin shows US influence through Jazz
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would conservatives react to the cultural changes?

A
  • They hated the Kulturbolshewismus, attacked the government for allowing traditional culture to be undermined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How would the left react?

A
  • Though lots of support…
  • Some would describe it as grey and uninspiring
  • State used radio to limit radical programmes
  • George Grosz fined for defaming military and corrupting public morals and blasphemy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would the cultural explosion really be felt?

A

1932, 42% of houses in large cities received radio, 10% in small. villages

  • More Germans still went to church festivals, choral societies and beer halls
  • Culture symbolised what was wrong with their country reinforcing hostility.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare women in employment from 1907 and 1925

A

1907 - 31.2%

1925 - 36.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Compare women in domestic workers industries in 1907 and 1925

A

1907 - 16%
1925 - 11.4%
- Men were coming back and taking their jobs back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare women in white collar job from 1907 and 1925

A

1907 - 6.5%

1925 - 12.6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were social attitudes towards women?

A
  • To be made to stay at home and give up work if necessary
  • Women were not paid as much by businesses
  • Married women who worked were called Doppelverdiener
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would the SPD attempt to reform education?

A
  • No confessional schools, allowed parents to opt out
    1922 - Reich Youth Welfare Law
    1923 - Reich Juvenile Court Law
17
Q

After what age did parents have to pay for schooling?

A

10

  • Education was expensive, only the rich would enter professions
  • The rich stay rich the poor stay poor
18
Q

How many children and of what background would go to University?

A
  • 45% of students had civil servant father
  • 2.3% were working class
  • Right wing and upper middle class had a strong presence
19
Q

Give examples of diversity in Weimar education?

A

1931 set up by the Länder

  • 29,000 Protestant schools
  • 15,000 Catholic Schools
  • 97 Jewish Schools
  • 295 Secular Schools
20
Q

How many students belonged to corporations?

A

1928 - 56%

- Racially and socially exclusive

21
Q

Show the decrease of Jews in Hamburg and Berlin from 1918 to 1933?

A

1918 - 1% Jews

1933 - 0.76% Jews

22
Q

Who would be assassinated in hostility towards Jews?

A

Foreign Minister Rathenau after Rapallo Treaty renounced German territorial claims

23
Q

Why was there hostility towards Polish people?

A
  • Lots of land was lost to Poland, the Danzig Corridor
  • The Treaty of Versailles
  • The Locarno Pact
24
Q

How would soldiers in the Ruhr face hostility?

A
  • Lots of French in the Ruhr were black

- Their children were named ‘Germanys shame’