culture bias Flashcards
1
Q
explain universality and bias (revised)?
A
- psychology has ignored culture as an important influence on human behaviour
- believing western cultures can be generalised anywhere
- when milgrim’s study was conducted in other less developed countries as results changed in different cultures
2
Q
-Explain Ethnocentrism+ example?
A
- a form of cultural bias, believing in ones own superiority of own cultural group
- Ainsworth strange situation, when completed in Japan due to different cultural ways of raising a baby, saw Ainsworth’s inappropriate measure of attachment for non western babies
3
Q
evaluate a strength of individualism and collectivism?
A
STRENGTH
- individualistic cultures are associated with the west who are thought to have more personal freedom
- collectivist cultures eg. China place more emphasis on needs of the group
- however study found that in 14/15 studies that compared USA to Japan there was no evidence of the traditional distinction between individualism and collectivism
- cultural bias in research is less of an issue than it was.
4
Q
explain cultural relativism?
A
- John Berry has seen a distinction between etic and emic approaches
- etic- looks at behaviour from outside a given culture to describe universal behaviours
- emic- behaviour from within a culture, identifying behaviours that are specific to THAT culture
5
Q
evaluate Cultural Relativism vs Universality?
A
WEAKNESS
- Berry’s concept of imposed etic, should not assume that there is no such thing as universal behaviour
- eg. basic facial expressions are same round the world
- some features eg. interactional synchrony= universal
6
Q
evaluate demand characteristics in western cultures vs East
A
- when conducting research in western culture, pp’s familiarity with objectives are assumed
- but may not be evident in some cultures that don’t have historical experience of research
- demand characteristics may b exaggerated when working with locals
