CULTURE BIAS Flashcards
5 things need to remember for cultural bias
emic constructs etic constructs ethnocentrism culture cultural relativism
culture bias is the tendency to….
ignore cultural differences
interpret phenomenon through the lens of someone’s own culture
what findings in psychology are usually seen as ‘universal’?
western findings
what is culture?
all ways of life including arts, beliefs, institutions of the population passed down from generations
culture is usually described as…
‘the way of life for entire society’
e.g. dress, language, religion
what 2 type of constructs are there?
emic and etic constructs
emic constructs are..
functions within/inside culture
identifies behaviour specific to that culture
etic constructs are…
behaviour outside of the given culture
attempts to describe behaviours that are ‘universal’
ethnocentrism is when you judge…
other cultures by standards and values of own cultures
ethnocentrism at it’s extreme is…
believing the superiority of your own culture
what is an example of ethnocentrism?
Ainsworth’s strange situation
how is Ainsworth’s strange situation an example of ethnocentrism?
distress misinterpreted for insecure attachment
German mothers encourage independence, seen as being cold and rejecting
cultural relativism…
refers to N+V, ethics and moral standing
only meaningful and understood through specific social and cultural contexts
four evaluation points for culture bias
+ western culture assumes knowledge to scientific enquiry
- assumed no universal human behaviour
- no distinctions between types of cultures
- differences of experience of variables
one strength of cultural bias is…
conducting research in western culture, ppts familiarity w/ aims and objectives of scientific enquiry is assumed
the ____ ________ and ______ in science doesn’t extend to all cultures that don’t have…
same knowledge and faith in science
cultures that don’t have the same history, experience or research
_____ and ______ found what is exaggerated w/ members of local pop
Bond and Smith found demand characteristics is exaggerated when working with members of local population
therefore evidence of _______ ________ with scientific research in western cultures suggests…
ppts familiarity with scientific research suggests that there is cultural bias in psych research increasing it’s credibility and practical application
critics argue that in the age of _____ _______, the distinction between ________ no longer applies
age of global communication, the distinction of culture no longer applies
who conducted research into individualist and collectivist cultures?
Takano and Osaka
what did Takano and Osaka find?
14/15 studies comparing USA and Japan, found no evid of traditional distinction between the two diff types of culture
Evidence by Takano and Osaka suggests…
cultural bias in research is less of an issue than what it was
Takano and Osaka’s research ________ the _______ _______ of culture bias
decreases the temporal validity of culture bias, as it is not relevant to today’s society
another weakness of culture bias is that it assumes…
there is not such thing as universal human behaviour, despite Berry’s imposed etic being useful for culture specific research
