culture and values Flashcards
community
geographical notion leg neighbourhood/town, concerned with quality of relationship without any reference to location e.g sporting clubs
group
2 or more people that share a common purpose and interact with/influence each other for more than a short period of time
sense of community - McMillan and chavis:
4 criteria that had to be met for an individual to feel a sense of community
- membership
- influence
- integration and fulfilment of needs
- shared emotional connection
membership
provides feeling of belonging of being part of something bigger than yourself, establishes boundaries that divide those who belong to group from those who don’t, groups often use dress, rituals, to indicate who is a member
- pranks: performed on new students/recruits which were designed for initiation into groups
- hazing: any action or situation white or without consent of participants which recklessly endangers, mental physical or academic health of student
- boundaries: fences, gates, gang marking territory, provide sense of safety within boundaries
influence
people are more attracted to community if they will have influence in, community cohesiveness requires members to be prepared to conform, people who acknowledge others opinions and needs are often more influential than those who try to dominate others and ignore their wishes
Integration and fulfilment of needs
Memberships must be rewarding achieved through group success (knowing each other’s strengths/ weaknesses, roles must be assigned, members shouldn’t be competing for resources,
needs are met by having membership of group with shared values who think as feel similarly to themselves and with who é they can safely be themselves
shared emotional connection
the commitment and belief that members have shared and will share history, common places, time together, and similar experiences and feel more connected as a result of it, depends on quality and importance of interaction
- closure: ambiguity, unresolved issues inhibit closeness
- contact: with more contact more opportunities for closeness are enchanted
- quality of contact: positive interaction facilitates closeness
- honouring: members as opposed to humiliating them
- significance: of shared events
- spiritual: expereicneing spiritual connection
- investment: of time money energy,
cooking chicken quickly has serious salmonella issues
factors contributing to stress
predictability: unpredictable events are more stressful and have a longer lasting impact
controllability: having no control over a situation causes more stress
experience threat or loss: impacts how stressful we find that event
positive response to negative events : kobassa
- thought personality differences could account for different responses to stress
- carried out study where 600 executives and managers were asked to complete 2 questionnaires (1st personality, 2nd measure of stressful events and illnesses that respondents had experienced)
- divided participants into two groups: above average for illness and below average for illness
- found that: number of stressful events was similar for both groups however when comparing high stress and low stress illness groups the latter group saw change as a challenge and felt more in control of their lives had sense of direction
- conclusion: she was criticised as illness could’ve been the cause for her results not the personality
characteristics of resilient people
wide comfort zone, healthy social support network, deep rooted faith in system of meaning, capacity for making most of small windows of opportunity
is resilience innate or learnt
to some extent resilience can be learnt, challenge based personal development are based on premise that personal growth and resilience can be taught by combining challenges with sport, by facing situations that are difficult with sufficient support to ensure success we learn we can deal with something that we earlier would have found impossible
traumatic events
unexpected and negative incidents that threaten our lives and sense of well-being
- following trauma it is common for people to experience:
- physical symptoms: disturbed sleep, nightmares, exhaustion, headaches
- cognitive symptoms: poor concentration: disturbance to attention and memory, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts
- emotional symptoms: fear, avoidance, anxiety, panic, depression, guilt (survivors)
young children may regress in behaviour: setting bed, sucking thumb, being scared of dark, lose trust in adults who were meant to keep them safe/ not able to protect them during traumatic event
official diagnosis of ptsd
a disorder characteristised by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, may last months or years with triggers that can bring it back/increase severity
- past experiences of actual or perceived threats to life or serious injury
- presence of distressing symptoms
- persistent avoidance of stimuli perceived to be associated with original traumatic event
- negative changes in thoughts and mood associated with event
resilience
ability to bounce back from adversity, capacity to respond positively to difficult/ challenging circumstances
competent communities
able to identify needs and issues and work cooperatively to carry Outland and achieve goals, if people live in a competent community and have a sense of community they are more likely to be resilient
