Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

sociology unit 1 > Culture and Socialisation > Flashcards

Culture and Socialisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define culture.

A

The way of life of a group of people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of culture.

A

British culture might include drinking tea, eating fish and chips and respecting manners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define social construction of culture.

A

A social construction is any idea that is created and given special meaning by people. Culture is a social construction because it varies from social group to social group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define aspects of culture.

A

Anything created by people, including ideas and beliefs are aspects of culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of aspects of culture.

A

Food traditions, clothing, government, ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define cultural diversity.

A

The range of different ideas and cultures that exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of cultural diversity.

A

The UK has a very different way of life to China.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define social change.

A

Few cultures stay the same and any differences in the way that people generally think or act can be seen as social change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of social change.

A

There has been a significant social change in the last 50 years in British culture in terms of roles expected of men and women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define a subculture.

A

A culture within a culture. Subcultures have their own particular norms and values.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an example of a subculture.

A

Goths, punk, ect. These are youth subcultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define cultural universals.

A

Social behaviours that can be found in all cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a cultural universal.

A

All cultures have some form of religious celebration or festival.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define cultural relativity.

A

The idea that what is normal in one culture would be strange to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give an example of cultural relativity.

A

It is normal within Muslim culture for women to cover their face, though this would be strange to Western cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define norms.

A

Social rules that define correct and socially behaviour in a society or group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of a norm.

A

Knocking before entering someone’s house or wearing black at a funeral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define laws.

A

Formal, written rules for everyone in a country to follow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give an example of a law.

A

It is illegal to murder or commit theft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define mores.

A

Ideas about what behaviour is right or wrong. Stronger forms of norm guiding behaviour to maintain decency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give an example of mores.

A

Being polite in British society. If someone is rude they break mores and risk rejection from society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define values.

A

Shared beliefs about what is good and desirable, important and worthwhile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give an example of a value.

A

Privacy or caring for others. (British).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define beliefs.

A

Things we hold to be true and generally individual to the person and influence how they act. Often these are taken from a culture or a religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Give an example of a belief.

A

Belief in God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define status.

A

Your position in society which can be ascribed or achieved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Give an example of status.

A

Being a spouse (achieved).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define ascribed status.

A

The position in society you are born with.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Give an example of ascribed status.

A

Family position, such as son or daughter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define roles.

A

Patterns of behaviour expected from people in different positions of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Give an example of a role.

A

A father has certain expectations, either to care for a child or support their family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define role conflict.

A

When the demands of one role clash with the demands of another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Give an example of role conflict.

A

The demands of a mother may clash with the demands of her work-life.

34
Q

Define social control.

A

The methods used during the socialisation process to persuade or force individuals to conform to the expected and acceptable norms and values in society and prevent deviant behaviour.

35
Q

Give an example of social control.

A

Laws or sanctions.

36
Q

Define deviance.

A

The failure to conform to social norms. Behaviour that is somehow socially unacceptable or disapproved is deviant.

37
Q

Give an example of deviance.

A

Disrespecting the elderly.

38
Q

Define deviant.

A

The term given to someone who breaks the norms of a society.

39
Q

Give an example of a deviant.

A

Someone that disrespects the elderly.

40
Q

Define sanctions.

A

Agreed rewards or punishments to encourage social conformity to norms.

41
Q

Give an example of a sanction.

A

Praise or being told off.

42
Q

Define positive sanctions.

A

Rewards used to encourage acceptable behaviour.

43
Q

Give an example of a positive sanction.

A

Praise.

44
Q

Define negative sanctions.

A

Punishments used to prevent unacceptable behaviour.

45
Q

Give an example of a negative sanction.

A

Disapproval.

46
Q

Define formal sanctions.

A

A punishment for breaking a law or a written rule.

47
Q

Give an example of a formal sanction.

A

A fine for speeding.

48
Q

Define informal sanctions.

A

A punishment for breaking an informal rule such as a norm imposed by people around you.

49
Q

Give an example of an informal sanction.

A

Being told off by your parents.

50
Q

Define agencies of social control.

A

Groups of people in society that teach, enforce or encourage people to follow social rules.

51
Q

Give an example of an agency of social control.

A

Police, school or family.

52
Q

Define formal agencies of social control.

A

Carried out by an agency specifically set up to ensure that people conform to a particular set of norms.

53
Q

Give an example of a formal agency of social control.

A

The Criminal Justice System.

54
Q

Define informal agencies of social control.

A

Agencies whose primary purpose is not social control, but they play an important part in it.

55
Q

Give an example of an informal agency of social control.

A

The family or education (as children learn good and bad behaviour through it.)

56
Q

Define socialisation.

A

The process of learning the correct behaviour, norms and values in a society.

57
Q

Define primary socialisation.

A

The family teaches us basic cultural norms and values in the first few years of life (0-5 y/o).

58
Q

Give an example of primary socialisation.

A

We learn our language and what to eat via our family.

59
Q

Define secondary socialisation.

A

External agencies outside the home start to influence us from 5 years old. Agencies such as school, media and peers teach us how to behave in different situations.

60
Q

What are 4 examples of agencies of secondary socialisation.

A

School, peers, media and religion.

61
Q

Give an example of secondary socialisation.

A

Through peers, we learn what is acceptable and not acceptable to other people.

62
Q

Define informal socialisation.

A

Socialisation that happens by chance. Through living our normal lives, we learn from those around us.

63
Q

Give an example of informal socialisation.

A

One may see their friend being told off for something and learn not to do what they did too.

64
Q

Define formal socialisation.

A

When people or organisations set out to change us deliberately.

65
Q

Give an example of formal socialisation.

A

Schools purposefully try to teach children to be hard working.

66
Q

Define agents of socialisation.

A

The places or groups of people responsible for teaching individuals correct norms, values and behaviour.

67
Q

Give examples of agents of socialisation.

A

Parents, schools, peers or media.

68
Q

Define stereotypes.

A

A category into which we put other people according to some simple characteristics without really thinking about who they are.

69
Q

Give an example of a stereotype.

A

All women are bad drivers.

70
Q

Define labelling.

A

People are given a label by others as ‘bad’ or ‘good’ and then are treated as though it were true. This can affect how they are treated and lead them to accept the label as part of their identity which is then a self-fulfilling prophecy.

71
Q

Give an example of labelling.

A

If a boy is told that he is aggressive because he is a boy, he may believe it and therefore become aggressive.

72
Q

Define cultural transmission.

A

The processes through our culture is transmitted or passed on. This is through primary and secondary socialisation.

73
Q

Define imitation.

A

The process of learning by watching and copying others.

74
Q

Give an example of imitation.

A

Children may copy their parents (primary socialisation), children or adults may imitate media role models (secondary socialisation.)

75
Q

Define role models.

A

People that children admire and copy.

76
Q

Give an example of a role model.

A

Sports or media personalities.

77
Q

Define hidden curriculum.

A

The norms and values that schools teach students through day-to-day school life.

78
Q

Give an example of what hidden curriculum teaches.

A

Punctuality and respect for authority.

79
Q

Define peer group pressure.

A

This can be positive where peers support each other through encouragement and kindness or negative where peers encourage each other to do dangerous or silly things.

80
Q

Give an example of peer group pressure.

A

A person may be pressured by their friends to throw something at their teacher.

81
Q

Define re-socialisation.

A

When people have to learn a new set of rules for a new situation and change their way of behaving.

82
Q

Give an example of re-socialisation.

A

New teachers have to learn rules of behaving as teachers rather than students.

sociology unit 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions